Question

这是我的第一个Django项目，但是我很难将.csv文件中的数据加载到具有外键的模型中。

这是我的模特：

class Artist(models.Model):
    artistID = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True, null=False, unique=True)
    artistName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    artistNotes = models.TextField(blank=True)

class Art(models.Model):
    artID = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True, null=False, unique=True)
    artistID = models.ForeignKey(Artist, db_column='artistID', on_delete=models.CASCADE, default = 1)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, default = "No Title Given")
    location = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    owner = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    origin = models.CharField(max_length=150, blank=True)
    medium = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    artNotes = models.TextField(blank=True)

我写了一个导入数据的视图：

def importArt(request):
    myFile = open('misc/Art.csv', 'r')
    for line in myFile:
        line = line.split(',')
        temp = Art.objects.create()
        temp.artID = line[0]
        temp.artistID = line[1]
        temp.title = line[2]
        temp.location = line[3]
        temp.owner = line[4]
        temp.origin = line[5]
        temp.medium = line[6]
        temp.artNotes = line[7]
        temp.save()
    myFile.close()
    return render(request, 'dtccArt/importArt.html', {})

此策略在Artist表上工作正常，但这是我遇到的错误：无法分配“'2'”：“ Art.artistID”必须是“ Artist”实例。

我的第一行数据如下：

1,2,Wisdom & Knowledge,Main Library,College,Visiting Artist at DTCC 19??-19??,Stone Sculpture,,

在解决此问题之前，我修复了两个错误。我在Art模型的ArtistID字段中添加了 db_column ='artistID'和默认= 1 。默认值= 1表示未知艺术家，以防某位艺术家对于某件艺术品不知道。

有人可以解释该错误消息的含义，一些有关如何修复该错误的提示，或者是一种将.csv数据导入现有Django模型的简便方法吗？

提前谢谢！安德里亚

Answer 1

更改

temp.artistID = line[1]

到

temp.artistID = Artist.objects.get(int(line[1]))

Answer 2

在Rakesh的帮助下，我找到了解决方法。以下视图起作用：

def importArt(request):
    myFile = open('misc/Art.csv', 'r')
    for line in myFile:
        line = line.split(',')
        temp = Art.objects.create()
        temp.artID = line[0]
        if line[1] != '':
            temp.artistID = Artist.objects.get(pk = (line[1]))
        else:
            temp.artistID = Artist.objects.get(pk = 1)
        if line[2] != '':
            temp.title = line[2]
        else:
            temp.title = "Unknown"
        temp.location = line[3]
        temp.owner = line[4]
        temp.origin = line[5]
        temp.medium = line[6]
        temp.artNotes = line[7]
        temp.save()
    myFile.close()
    return render(request, 'dtccArt/importArt.html', {})

ArtistID和Title是必填字段，因此我在“未知”中对缺少的Title进行了硬编码。 PK = 1艺术家的名字叫Unknown。

Answer 3

使用 Rakesh 和 ajwong4 anwsers 我想出了这个使用熊猫的通用解决方案

Rakesh 和 ajwong4 非常感谢！

这里是通用解决方案代码

#First define your Django Enviromental variables

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "DjangoProjectName.settings")
import django
django.setup()
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

   
#Import Required Django model

from djangoApp.models import * #models

# Import CSV file
df = pd.read_csv('csv_url.csv')

# Do required pre-processing on panda dataframe 
# such as data cleaning, data format settings etc..

# Iterater throught panda dataframe and save data in Django model

for index, row in df.iterrows():

      # create django model

      samplemodelObject = SampleModel()

      # Normal Fields ( Non-foreign key fields) adding
     
      samplemodelObject.field_name01 = row['Field_01']

      
      # Adding Foreign Key Field

       samplemodelObject.field_foreignkey = ForeignKeyModel.objects.get( fk_key = row['fk_value_field']

      # save data model instance
      samplemodelObject.save()
      samplemodelObject.clear()

如何将带有外键的.csv表导入django数据库

3 个答案: