我正在使用Click来构建Python CLI,并且遇到了有关如何处理Click中异常的问题。
我不确定这里的用语(“子命令”,“父命令”),但是从我的示例中,您将得到我希望的想法。让我们假设这段代码:
@click.group()
@click.option("--something")
def mycli(something):
try:
#do something with "something" and set ctx
ctx.obj = {}
ctx.obj["somevar"] = some_result
except:
print("Something went wrong")
raise
#only if everything went fine call mycommand
@click.group()
@click.pass_context
def mygroup(ctx):
pass
@mygroup.command(name="mycommand")
@click.pass_context
def mycommand(ctx):
#this only works if somevar is set in ctx so don't call this if setting went wrong in mycli
在应用程序启动时,这称为:
if __name__ == "__main__":
mycli.add_command(mygroup)
mycli()
然后我像这样启动程序:
python myapp --something somevalue mycommand
预期的行为:首先调用mycli
并执行其中的代码。如果引发异常,则该异常将被except块捕获,并显示一条消息并引发异常。因为我们没有其他try / except块,这将导致脚本终止。永远不会调用“子”命令mycommand
,因为程序在运行“父”命令mycli
时已经终止。
实际行为:捕获到异常并打印了消息,但仍调用mycommand
。然后,它失败并显示另一条异常消息,因为未设置必需的上下文变量。
我该如何处理?基本上,我只想仅在mycommand
中的所有命令都正常的情况下才执行子命令mycli
。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
要处理异常,但不继续执行子命令,可以像下面这样简单地调用exit()
:
import click
@click.group()
@click.option("--something")
@click.pass_context
def mycli(ctx, something):
ctx.obj = dict(a_var=something)
try:
if something != '1':
raise IndexError('An Error')
except Exception as exc:
click.echo('Exception: {}'.format(exc))
exit()
@mycli.group()
@click.pass_context
def mygroup(ctx):
click.echo('mygroup: {}'.format(ctx.obj['a_var']))
pass
@mygroup.command()
@click.pass_context
def mycommand(ctx):
click.echo('mycommand: {}'.format(ctx.obj['a_var']))
if __name__ == "__main__":
commands = (
'mygroup mycommand',
'--something 1 mygroup mycommand',
'--something 2 mygroup mycommand',
'--help',
'--something 1 mygroup --help',
'--something 1 mygroup mycommand --help',
)
import sys, time
time.sleep(1)
print('Click Version: {}'.format(click.__version__))
print('Python Version: {}'.format(sys.version))
for cmd in commands:
try:
time.sleep(0.1)
print('-----------')
print('> ' + cmd)
time.sleep(0.1)
mycli(cmd.split())
except BaseException as exc:
if str(exc) != '0' and \
not isinstance(exc, (click.ClickException, SystemExit)):
raise
Click Version: 6.7
Python Version: 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed8, Oct 3 2017, 18:11:49) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
-----------
> mygroup mycommand
Exception: An Error
-----------
> --something 1 mygroup mycommand
mygroup: 1
mycommand: 1
-----------
> --something 2 mygroup mycommand
Exception: An Error
-----------
> --help
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
Options:
--something TEXT
--help Show this message and exit.
Commands:
mygroup
-----------
> --something 1 mygroup --help
Usage: test.py mygroup [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
Options:
--help Show this message and exit.
Commands:
mycommand
-----------
> --something 1 mygroup mycommand --help
mygroup: 1
Usage: test.py mygroup mycommand [OPTIONS]
Options:
--help Show this message and exit.