Question

此问题之前已经讨论过，并且遍历了许多帖子，到目前为止，我无法找到解决该问题的方法。我刚接触芹菜，所以我的学习曲线仍然相当陡峭。在我当前的脚本下面：

myapp .__ init __。py

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from .celery_main import app as celery_app # Ensures app is always imported when Django starts so that shared_task will use this app.

__all__ = ['celery_app']

myapp.celery_main.py

from __future__ import absolute_import
from celery import Celery
from django.apps import apps

# Initialise the app
app = Celery()                          
app.config_from_object('myapp.celeryconfig')  # WORKS WHEN CALLED THROUGH VIEW/DJANGO: Tell Celery instance to use celeryconfig module
#app.config_from_object('celeryconfig')  # WORKS WHEN CALLED THROUGH TERMINAL

# Load task modules from all registered Django app configs.
app.autodiscover_tasks(lambda: [n.name for n in apps.get_app_configs()])

myapp.celeryconfig.py

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from datetime import timedelta

## List of modules to import when celery starts.
CELERY_IMPORTS = ('celery_tasks',)

## Message Broker (RabbitMQ) settings.
BROKER_URL = 'amqp://'
BROKER_PORT = 5672

## Result store settings.
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'rpc://'

## Misc
#CELERY_IGNORE_RESULT = False
CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT=['json']
CELERY_TIMEZONE = 'Europe/Berlin'
CELERY_ENABLE_UTC = True

CELERYBEAT_SCHEDULE = {
    'doctor-every-10-seconds': {
        'task': 'celery_tasks.fav_doctor',
        'schedule': timedelta(seconds=3),
    },
}

myapp.celery_tasks.py

from __future__ import absolute_import
from celery.task import task

suf = lambda n: "%d%s" % (n, {1: "st", 2: "nd", 3: "rd"}.get(n if n < 20 else n % 10, "th"))
@task
def fav_doctor():
    # Stuff happend here

@task
def reverse(string):
    return string[::-1]

@task
def send_email(user_id):
    # Stuff happend here

@task
def add(x, y):
    return x+y

anotherapp.settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'kombu.transport.django',
]

myapp.views.admin_scripts.py

from celery.result import AsyncResult
from myapp.celery_tasks import fav_doctor, reverse, send_email, add
from myapp.celery_main import app

@login_required
def admin_script_dashboard(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = Admin_Script(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
                # Results
                async_result = add.delay(2, 5)
                task_id = async_result.task_id
                res = AsyncResult(async_result)
                res_1 = add.AsyncResult(async_result)
                res_2 = add.AsyncResult(async_result.id)
                print ("async_result: {0}\ntask_id: {1}\nres: {2}\nres_1: {3}\nres_2: {4}".format(async_result, task_id, res, res_1, res_2))

                # Backend: Make sure the client is configured with the right backend
                print("Backend check: {0}".format(async_result.backend))

                # States/statuses
                task_state = res.state
                A = async_result.status
                B = res.status
                print ("task_state: {0}\nA: {1}\nB: {2}".format(task_state, A, B))

通过我的django应用程序触发芹菜工人时的结果（与app.views.admin_scripts.py中的打印语句有关）

async_result: 00d7ec84-ebdb-4968-9ea6-f20ca2a793b7
task_id: 00d7ec84-ebdb-4968-9ea6-f20ca2a793b7
res: 00d7ec84-ebdb-4968-9ea6-f20ca2a793b7
res_1: 00d7ec84-ebdb-4968-9ea6-f20ca2a793b7
res_2: 00d7ec84-ebdb-4968-9ea6-f20ca2a793b7
Backend check: <celery.backends.rpc.RPCBackend object at 0x106e308d0>
task_state: PENDING
A: PENDING
B: PENDING

终端中的输出已触发：

[2018-07-15 21:41:47,015: ERROR/MainProcess] Received unregistered task of type 'MyApp.celery_tasks.add'.
The message has been ignored and discarded.

Did you remember to import the module containing this task?
Or maybe you are using relative imports?
Please see <link> for more information.

The full contents of the message body was:
{'task': 'MyApp.celery_tasks.add', 'id': 'b21ffa43-d1f1-4767-9ab8-e58afec3ea0f', 'args': [2, 5], 'kwargs': {}, 'retries': 0, 'eta': None, 'expires': None, 'utc': True, 'callbacks': None, 'errbacks': None, 'timelimit': [None, None], 'taskset': None, 'chord': None} (266b)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/My_MBP/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/celery/worker/consumer.py", line 465, in on_task_received
    strategies[type_](message, body,
KeyError: 'MyApp.celery_tasks.add'

我有几个问题：

1。。我可以通过使用Terminal中的命令来触发预期结果：

celery -A celery_tasks worker -l info

然后在Python shell中：

from celery_tasks import *
add.delay(2,3)

成功之处

[2018-07-13 10:12:14,943: INFO/MainProcess] Received task: celery_tasks.add[c100ad91-2f94-40b1-bb0e-9bc2990ff3bc]
[2018-07-13 10:12:14,961: INFO/MainProcess] Task celery_tasks.add[c100ad91-2f94-40b1-bb0e-9bc2990ff3bc] succeeded in 0.017578680999577045s: 54

因此可以在Terminal中执行任务，但是不能在Django的view.py中执行任务，为什么不呢？

2。：可能与 1。有关：烦人的是，我必须在app.celery_main.py中配置app.config_from_object，具体取决于是否要测试通过Django或Terminal。您可以看到我为celeryconfig.py设置了myapp名称的前缀，还是没有设置。否则，将引发错误消息。我怀疑某种导入循环会在这里引起问题（尽管我可能错了），但我不知道为什么/在哪里。我该如何克服？

3。。在我的settings.py文件（不是celeryconfig.py）中，我已经在INSTALLED_APPS: 'kombu.transport.django'中进行了配置。这有必要吗？我正在使用芹菜3.1.26.post2（Cipater）

4。。在我的所有文件中，我都位于顶部：

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

这到底是出于什么目的，并且对于3.1.26是必需的？

5。。我读过here，您需要确保为客户端配置了正确的后端。但是我不确定这到底意味着什么。我的打印输出是（按照app.views.admin_scripts.py）：

Backend check: <celery.backends.rpc.RPCBackend object at 0x106e308d0>

如果您发现我的代码中有任何异常，请随时告诉我。

Answer 1

我仍在尝试找出问题2的答案，与此同时，我也想出了如何检索所需结果的方法：我有async_result = add.delay(2, 5) ，但是在此之后需要在async_result.get()之后加上task_output = async_result.result。然后将结果状态/状态（async_result.state或async_result.status）设置为成功。

Answer 2

Celery任务应have proper names。从Django运行时，任务名称为MyApp.celery_tasks.add，这就是为什么celery worker无法运行它的原因。但是从终端上使用from celery_tasks import *导入时，任务名称为celery_tasks.add，这就是为什么它可以正常工作的原因。
您可以根据环境变量更改配置。
kombu.transport.django不需要添加。
这与Python 2/3有关。有关更多信息，请参见this docs。
如果任务完成后想要任务结果，则应将其存储在某个位置。因此，为此需要后端。如果您不想检索结果，则不需要此。

通过视图（Django）进行的芹菜任务返回为待处理，但可以通过终端机

2 个答案: