如何从Azure IoT Edge模块Python发送新消息

Question

似乎我对我想做的事情并没有太多支持，但是由于temperature sensor and sensor filter tutorial中已经证明了这一点，因此应该可以实现。但是，没有从python中的边缘模块创建实际消息的示例。该教程仅显示转发消息。有从设备发送的示例，但是设备使用的类型与边缘模块不同。从过滤器示例和几个设备示例中，我总结了以下内容：

# Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for
# full license information.

import random
import time
import sys
import iothub_client
from iothub_client import IoTHubModuleClient, IoTHubClientError, IoTHubTransportProvider
from iothub_client import IoTHubMessage, IoTHubMessageDispositionResult, IoTHubError

# messageTimeout - the maximum time in milliseconds until a message times out.
# The timeout period starts at IoTHubModuleClient.send_event_async.
# By default, messages do not expire.
MESSAGE_TIMEOUT = 10000

# global counters
RECEIVE_CALLBACKS = 0
SEND_CALLBACKS = 0

# Choose HTTP, AMQP or MQTT as transport protocol.  Currently only MQTT is supported.
PROTOCOL = IoTHubTransportProvider.MQTT

# Callback received when the message that we're forwarding is processed.
def send_confirmation_callback(message, result, user_context):
    global SEND_CALLBACKS
    print ( "Confirmation[%d] received for message with result = %s" % (user_context, result) )
    map_properties = message.properties()
    key_value_pair = map_properties.get_internals()
    print ( "    Properties: %s" % key_value_pair )
    SEND_CALLBACKS += 1
    print ( "    Total calls confirmed: %d" % SEND_CALLBACKS )


# receive_message_callback is invoked when an incoming message arrives on the specified 
# input queue (in the case of this sample, "input1").  Because this is a filter module, 
# we will forward this message onto the "output1" queue.
def receive_message_callback(message, hubManager):
    global RECEIVE_CALLBACKS
    message_buffer = message.get_bytearray()
    size = len(message_buffer)
    print ( "    Data: <<<%s>>> & Size=%d" % (message_buffer[:size].decode('utf-8'), size) )
    map_properties = message.properties()
    key_value_pair = map_properties.get_internals()
    print ( "    Properties: %s" % key_value_pair )
    RECEIVE_CALLBACKS += 1
    print ( "    Total calls received: %d" % RECEIVE_CALLBACKS )
    hubManager.forward_event_to_output("output1", message, 0)
    return IoTHubMessageDispositionResult.ACCEPTED


def construct_message(message_body, topic):
    try:
        msg_txt_formatted = message_body
        message = IoTHubMessage(msg_txt_formatted)

        # Add a custom application property to the message.
        # An IoT hub can filter on these properties without access to the message body.
        prop_map = message.properties()
        prop_map.add("topic", topic)

        # TODO Use logging
        # Send the message.
        print( "Sending message: %s" % message.get_string() )

    except IoTHubError as iothub_error:
        print ( "Unexpected error %s from IoTHub" % iothub_error )
        return

    return message


class HubManager(object):

    def __init__(
            self,
            protocol=IoTHubTransportProvider.MQTT):
        self.client_protocol = protocol
        self.client = IoTHubModuleClient()
        self.client.create_from_environment(protocol)

        # set the time until a message times out
        self.client.set_option("messageTimeout", MESSAGE_TIMEOUT)

        # sets the callback when a message arrives on "input1" queue.  Messages sent to 
        # other inputs or to the default will be silently discarded.
        self.client.set_message_callback("input1", receive_message_callback, self)

    # Forwards the message received onto the next stage in the process.
    def forward_event_to_output(self, outputQueueName, event, send_context):
        self.client.send_event_async(
            outputQueueName, event, send_confirmation_callback, send_context)

    def send_message(self, message):
        # No callback
        # TODO what is the third arg?
        self.client.send_event_async(
            "output1", message, send_confirmation_callback, 0)
            self.client.send_message()

    def mypublish(self, topic, msg):
        message = construct_message(msg, topic)
        self.send_message(message)
        print('publishing %s', msg)

def main(protocol):
    try:
        print ( "\nPython %s\n" % sys.version )
        print ( "IoT Hub Client for Python" )

        hub_manager = HubManager(protocol)

        print ( "Starting the IoT Hub Python sample using protocol %s..." % hub_manager.client_protocol )
        print ( "The sample is now waiting for messages and will indefinitely.  Press Ctrl-C to exit. ")

        while True:
            hub_manager.mypublish('testtopic', 'hello world this is a module')
            time.sleep(1)

    except IoTHubError as iothub_error:
        print ( "Unexpected error %s from IoTHub" % iothub_error )
        return
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print ( "IoTHubModuleClient sample stopped" )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(PROTOCOL)

当我构建并部署它时，它可以在边缘设备上执行且没有错误，并且在日志中，回调报告消息发送正常。但是，当我尝试监视D2C消息时，没有消息通过。

Answer 1

我用它来创建和发送JSON字典中的消息。

new_message = json.dumps(json_obj)
new_message = IoTHubMessage(new_message)
hubManager.forward_event_to_output("output1", new_message, 0)

您可以发送所需的任何内容，甚至包括字符串或其他任何内容。

Answer 2

要缩小此问题的范围，可以安装Microsoft发布的azureiotedge-simulated-temperature-sensor模块，以查看该问题是与Edge环境问题有关还是与代码有关。

我还基于Python模块模板编写了一个示例Python代码模块，该模块对我来说效果很好，您可以参考以下代码：

# Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for
# full license information.

import random
import time
import sys
import iothub_client
from iothub_client import IoTHubModuleClient, IoTHubClientError, IoTHubTransportProvider
from iothub_client import IoTHubMessage, IoTHubMessageDispositionResult, IoTHubError

# messageTimeout - the maximum time in milliseconds until a message times out.
# The timeout period starts at IoTHubModuleClient.send_event_async.
# By default, messages do not expire.
MESSAGE_TIMEOUT = 10000

# global counters
RECEIVE_CALLBACKS = 0
SEND_CALLBACKS = 0

# Choose HTTP, AMQP or MQTT as transport protocol.  Currently only MQTT is supported.
PROTOCOL = IoTHubTransportProvider.MQTT

# Callback received when the message that we're forwarding is processed.
def send_confirmation_callback(message, result, user_context):
    global SEND_CALLBACKS
    print ( "Confirmation[%d] received for message with result = %s" % (user_context, result) )
    map_properties = message.properties()
    key_value_pair = map_properties.get_internals()
    print ( "    Properties: %s" % key_value_pair )
    SEND_CALLBACKS += 1
    print ( "    Total calls confirmed: %d" % SEND_CALLBACKS )


# receive_message_callback is invoked when an incoming message arrives on the specified 
# input queue (in the case of this sample, "input1").  Because this is a filter module, 
# we will forward this message onto the "output1" queue.
def receive_message_callback(message, hubManager):
    global RECEIVE_CALLBACKS
    message_buffer = message.get_bytearray()
    size = len(message_buffer)
    print ( "    Data: <<<%s>>> & Size=%d" % (message_buffer[:size].decode('utf-8'), size) )
    map_properties = message.properties()
    key_value_pair = map_properties.get_internals()
    print ( "    Properties: %s" % key_value_pair )
    RECEIVE_CALLBACKS += 1
    print ( "    Total calls received: %d" % RECEIVE_CALLBACKS )
    hubManager.forward_event_to_output("output1", message, 0)
    return IoTHubMessageDispositionResult.ACCEPTED


class HubManager(object):

    def __init__(
            self,
            protocol=IoTHubTransportProvider.MQTT):
        self.client_protocol = protocol
        self.client = IoTHubModuleClient()
        self.client.create_from_environment(protocol)

        # set the time until a message times out
        self.client.set_option("messageTimeout", MESSAGE_TIMEOUT)

        # sets the callback when a message arrives on "input1" queue.  Messages sent to 
        # other inputs or to the default will be silently discarded.
        self.client.set_message_callback("input1", receive_message_callback, self)

    # Forwards the message received onto the next stage in the process.
    def forward_event_to_output(self, outputQueueName, event, send_context):
        self.client.send_event_async(
            outputQueueName, event, send_confirmation_callback, send_context)

    def SendSimulationData(self, msg):
        print"sending message..."
        message=IoTHubMessage(msg)
        self.client.send_event_async(
            "output1", message, send_confirmation_callback, 0)
        print"finished sending message..."



def main(protocol):
    try:
        print ( "\nPython %s\n" % sys.version )
        print ( "IoT Hub Client for Python" )

        hub_manager = HubManager(protocol)

        print ( "Starting the IoT Hub Python sample using protocol %s..." % hub_manager.client_protocol )
        print ( "The sample is now waiting for messages and will indefinitely.  Press Ctrl-C to exit. ")

        while True:
            hub_manager.SendSimulationData("test msg")
            time.sleep(1)

    except IoTHubError as iothub_error:
        print ( "Unexpected error %s from IoTHub" % iothub_error )
        return
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print ( "IoTHubModuleClient sample stopped" )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(PROTOCOL)

Answer 3

如果可以帮助某人，我想您会错过await send_message。

Seems the same problem I answered here