Question

我正在为我的Django 2.0应用程序编写测试。

我正在使用mixer，目录结构类似于

project
|- src
   |- contacts
      |- migrations
      |- tests
         |- __init__.py
         |- test_models.py
      |- __init__.py
      |- models.py
      |- apps.py
   |- koober                  <----   (main app)
      |- settings
         |- __init__.py
         |- local.py
         |- production.py
      |- __init__.py
      |- test_settings.py
      |- urls.py
      |- wsgi.py
   |- .coveragerc
   |- manage.py
   |- pytest.ini
|- other_files
|- not_related_to_project
|- Pipfile
|- Pipfile.lock
|- Procfile

当我从project目录运行时

project$ pipenv run py.test

它给出错误为

============================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================
platform linux -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.1, py-1.5.3, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: /home/anuj/code/python/koober, inifile:
plugins: django-3.3.0, cov-2.5.1
collected 0 items / 1 errors                                                                                                                                                   

==================================================================================== ERRORS ====================================================================================
______________________________________________________________ ERROR collecting src/contacts/tests/test_models.py ______________________________________________________________
src/contacts/tests/test_models.py:2: in <module>
    from mixer.backend.django import mixer
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/koober-MOd9u5HA/lib/python3.6/site-packages/mixer/backend/django.py:11: in <module>
    from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey, GenericRelation   # noqa
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/koober-MOd9u5HA/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/fields.py:3: in <module>
    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/koober-MOd9u5HA/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py:134: in <module>
    class ContentType(models.Model):
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/koober-MOd9u5HA/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py:100: in __new__
    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/koober-MOd9u5HA/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py:244: in get_containing_app_config
    self.check_apps_ready()
../../../.local/share/virtualenvs/koober-MOd9u5HA/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py:127: in check_apps_ready
    raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
E   django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 errors during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
=========================================================================== 1 error in 0.31 seconds ============================================================================

当我从project/src文件运行相同的命令时，它给出的错误为

ImportError: No module named 'koober.test_settings.py'; 'koober.test_settings' is not a package

我检查是否有任何错误

project$ pipenv run python src/manage.py check

它给出了

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

即使pipenv run python src/manage.py runserver也能正常工作。

test_settings.py

的内容

from koober.settings import *

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": ":memory:",
    }
}

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend'

更新了test_settings.py

import os

import django

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "koober.settings")
django.setup()

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": ":memory:",
    }
}

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend'

pytest.ini的内容

[pytest]

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = koober.test_settings.py
addopts = --nomigrations --cov=. --cov-report=html

src / contacts / tests / test_models.py的内容

import pytest
from mixer.backend.django import mixer

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

pytestmark = pytest.mark.django_db


class TestContact:
    def test_model(self):
        user = mixer.blend(User)

此外，可以在pytest日志中看到，在运行pytest或py.test并且 ini文件为空时，未检测到 pytest.ini 文件：

编辑3：什么对我有用

更新了test_settings.py

from .settings import *

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": ":memory:",
    }
}

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend'

从/src目录运行的命令

pipenv run pytest --ds=koober.test_settings

Answer 1

我不确定，但是您的测试似乎无法正确导入django应用程序及其设置。最好的模拟方法是在脚本之前包含（导入）manage.py中存在的任何内容（是否需要获取wsgi应用程序是另一回事）。我没有使用混音器的经验，但是错误似乎未按正确的顺序加载django应用程序。

有关语法，请参考this。重要的是在这里给出正确的路径

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", correctpath)

还提供正确的设置路径，即确保设置具有所有必需的东西（例如已安装的应用程序）和所有其他东西（例如db conf），以使其正常工作，即使没有，您也可以从工作设置文件中导入丢失的东西像您本地的或生产的。

Answer 2

此属性的 INSTALLED_APPS 问题配置在哪里，或者您不在应用程序标签中的app.py中。

Answer 3

就我而言，升级到Django 1.11后，这开始神秘地发生。解决方案是使用pytest的--ds参数告诉pytest在哪里可以找到我们的django设置。因此我们的命令来自：

pytest path/to/some/test.py

收件人：

pytest --ds proj.settings path/to/some/test.py

很奇怪，但是现在可以了。

django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady：尚未使用Django pytest加载应用程序

3 个答案: