从powerhell脚本重定向stdout,stderr作为管理员通过start-process

时间:2018-06-08 17:43:59

标签: powershell start-process

在powershell脚本中,我正在运行一个命令,以管理员身份启动一个新的PowerShell(如果我不是,如果需要,取决于$arg),然后运行脚本。

我正在尝试将stdout和stderr重定向到第一个终端。

不试图让事情变得更容易,也有争论。

param([string]$arg="help")

if($arg -eq "start" -Or $arg -eq "stop")
{
    if(![bool](([System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).groups -match "S-1-5-32-544"))
    {
        Start-Process powershell -Verb runas -ArgumentList " -file servicemssql.ps1 $arg"
        exit
    }
}

$Services = "MSSQLSERVER", "SQLSERVERAGENT", "MSSQLServerOLAPService", "SSASTELEMETRY", "SQLBrowser", `
"SQLTELEMETRY", "MSSQLLaunchpad", "SQLWriter", "MSSQLFDLauncher"

function startsql {
    "starting SQL services"
    Foreach ($s in $Services) {
        "starting $s"
        Start-Service -Name "$s"
    }
}

function stopsql {
    "stopping SQL services"
    Foreach ($s in $Services) {
        "stopping $s"
        Stop-Service -Force -Name "$s"
    }
}

function statussql {
    "getting SQL services status"
    Foreach ($s in $Services) {
        Get-Service -Name "$s"
    }
}

function help {
    "usage: StartMssql [status|start|stop]"
}

Switch ($arg) {
    "start" { startsql }
    "stop" { stopsql }
    "status" { statussql }
    "help" { help }
    "h" { help }
}

在SO上使用以下答案不起作用:

如何在保留变量($arg)扩展的同时处理双引号内的双引号?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

PowerShell的Start-Process cmdlet:

  • 确实有-RedirectStandardOut-RedirectStandardError个参数,
  • 语法它们不能与-Verb Runas结合使用,这是启动进程所需的参数提升(具有管理权限)。

此约束也反映在底层.NET API中,其中.UseShellExecute实例上的System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo属性设置为true - 这是使用.Verb = "RunAs"的先决条件}为了运行提升 - 意味着您无法使用.RedirectStandardOutput.RedirectStandardError属性。

总的来说,这表明您无法直接从非提升的流程中捕获提升的流程输出流。

纯PowerShell解决方法并非易事:

param([string] $arg='help')

if ($arg -in 'start', 'stop') {
  if (-not (([System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole('Administrators'))) {

    # Invoke the script via -Command rather than -File, so that 
    # a redirection can be specified.
    $passThruArgs = '-command', '&', 'servicemssql.ps1', $arg, '*>', "$PSScriptRoot\out.txt"

    Start-Process powershell -Wait -Verb RunAs -ArgumentList $passThruArgs

    # Retrieve the captured output streams here:
    Get-Content "$PSScriptRoot\out.txt"

    exit
  }
}

# ...
  • -File用于调用脚本,而不是-Command,因为它允许向命令添加重定向:*>重定向所有输出流。

    • @soleil本人建议使用Tee-Object作为替代方案,以便提升过程产生的输出不仅被捕获,而且还会在生成时打印到(总是新窗口)控制台:
      ..., $arg, '|', 'Tee-Object', '-FilePath', "$PSScriptRoot\out.txt"

    • 警告:虽然在这个简单的案例中没有什么区别,但重要的是要知道在-File-Command模式之间对参数的解析是不同的。简而言之,使用-File,脚本名称后面的参数被视为 literals ,而-Command后面的参数形成一个根据正常PowerShell规则评估的命令。例如,目标会话对逃避有影响;值得注意的是,嵌入空格的值必须用引号括起来作为值的一部分。

  • 输出捕获文件$PSScriptRoot\中的$PSScriptRoot\out.txt路径组件可确保在与调用脚本相同的文件夹中创建文件(提升的进程默认为$env:SystemRoot\System32作为工作目录。)

    • 同样,这意味着脚本文件servicemssql.ps1(如果在没有路径组件的情况下调用)必须位于$env:PATH中列出的某个目录中,以便提升的PowerShell实例可以找到它;否则,还需要完整路径,例如$PSScriptRoot\servicemssql.ps1
  • -Wait确保在提升的流程退出之前不会返回控制权,此时可以检查文件$PSScriptRoot\out.txt

关于后续问题:

  

为了更进一步,我们是否可以让管理shell运行不可见,并在我们使用来自非特权shell的等效于tail -f的Unix时读取文件?

可以无形地运行提升的进程本身,但请注意,您仍然会收到UAC确认提示。 (如果您要关闭UAC(不推荐),您可以使用Start-Process -NoNewWindow在同一窗口中运行该过程。)

监视正在生成的输出tail -f - 样式,仅支持PowerShell的解决方案既重要又不是最有效的解决方案;说:

param([string]$arg='help')

if ($arg -in 'start', 'stop') {
  if (-not (([System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal] [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole('Administrators'))) {

    # Delete any old capture file.
    $captureFile = "$PSScriptRoot\out.txt"
    Remove-Item -ErrorAction Ignore $captureFile

    # Start the elevated process *hidden and asynchronously*, passing
    # a [System.Diagnostics.Process] instance representing the new process out, which can be used
    # to monitor the process
    $passThruArgs = '-noprofile', '-command', '&',  "servicemssql.ps1", $arg, '*>', $captureFile
    $ps = Start-Process powershell -WindowStyle Hidden -PassThru  -Verb RunAs -ArgumentList $passThruArgs

    # Wait for the capture file to appear, so we can start
    # "tailing" it.
    While (-not $ps.HasExited -and -not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $captureFile)) {
      Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100  
    }

    # Start an aux. background that removes the capture file when the elevated
    # process exits. This will make Get-Content -Wait below stop waiting.
    $jb = Start-Job { 
      # Wait for the process to exit.
      # Note: $using:ps cannot be used directly, because, due to
      #       serialization/deserialization, it is not a live object.
      $ps = (Get-Process -Id $using:ps.Id)
      while (-not $ps.HasExited) { Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100 }
      # Get-Content -Wait only checks once every second, so we must make
      # sure that it has seen the latest content before we delete the file.
      Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 1100 
      # Delete the file, which will make Get-Content -Wait exit (with an error).
      Remove-Item -LiteralPath $using:captureFile 
    }

    # Output the content of $captureFile and wait for new content to appear
    # (-Wait), similar to tail -f.
    # `-OutVariable capturedLines` collects all output in
    # variable $capturedLines for later inspection.
    Get-Content -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Wait -OutVariable capturedLines -LiteralPath $captureFile

    Remove-Job -Force $jb  # Remove the aux. job

    Write-Verbose -Verbose "$($capturedLines.Count) line(s) captured."

    exit
  }
}

# ...

答案 1 :(得分:-1)

PowerShell引擎在.NET上运行,所以你在C#中做的任何事情都可以在PowerShell中进行(主要是)。

$noArgs = @{
    TypeName     = 'System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo'
    ArgumentList = @(
        "$PSHOME\powershell.exe"
        "-File ""$PSScriptRoot\servicemssql.ps1"" $arg"
    )
    Property     = @{
        Verb                   = 'RunAs'
        RedirectStandardOutput = $true
        RedirectStandardError  = $true
        UseShellExecute        = $false
        WindowStyle            = [System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle]::Hidden
        WorkingDirectory       = $PSScriptRoot
    }
}
$pInfo = New-Object @noArgs
$process = [System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start($pInfo)

从这里,您需要从$process读取输出和错误流。

$process.WaitForExit()
$process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd()
$process.StandardError.ReadToEnd()

Here's a good answer on doing that part asynchronously if needed

编辑:内置异步读取和隐藏窗口:

$action = {
    if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($EventArgs.Data)) {
        $Event.MessageData.AppendLine($EventArgs.Data)
    }
}

$stdOutBuilder = [System.Text.StringBuilder]::new()
$stdOutEvent = $pInfo | Register-ObjectEvent -EventName OutputDataReceived -Action $action -MessageData $stdOutBuilder

$stdErrBuilder = [System.Text.StringBuilder]::new()
$stdErrEvent = $pInfo | Register-ObjectEvent -EventName ErrorDataReceived -Action $action -MessageData $stdErrBuilder

$process = [System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start($pInfo)
$process.BeginOutputReadLine()
$process.BeginErrorReadLine()

do { Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500 } until ($process.HasExited)

Unregister-Event -SourceIdentifier $stdOutEvent.Name
Unregister-Event -SourceIdentifier $stdErrEvent.Name
$stdOutBuilder.ToString().Trim()
$stdErrBuilder.ToString().Trim()

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