所以，文本文件是这样的：
TITLE and AUTHOR ETEXT NO.
Aspects of plant life; with special reference to the British flora, 56900
by Robert Lloyd Praeger
The Vicar of Morwenstow, by Sabine Baring-Gould 56899
[Subtitle: Being a Life of Robert Stephen Hawker, M.A.]
Raamatun tutkisteluja IV, mennessä Charles T. Russell 56898
[Subtitle: Harmagedonin taistelu]
[Language: Finnish]
Raamatun tutkisteluja III, mennessä Charles T. Russell 56897
[Subtitle: Tulkoon valtakuntasi]
[Language: Finnish]
文件名为GUTINDEX.ALL。
我想在文件中搜索字符串。当它发现时，它应该打印整个记录。
所以我这样做了：
#!/bin/sh
read -p 'string to search ' searchstring
grep --color "$searchstring" GUTINDEX.ALL
当我搜索字符串'flora'时 它打印
Aspects of plant life; with special reference to the British flora, 56900
但是如果它以空格开头，我也想打印新行。 像这样：
Aspects of plant life; with special reference to the British flora, 56900
by Robert Lloyd Praeger
答案 0 :(得分：1)
首先阅读整个记录，然后进行搜索。在文件末尾需要一个新行：
sed -n ':l N;/^$/!tl;/'"$searchstring"'/p' input
答案 1 :(得分：0)
以下是使用AWK的替代方案：
from scipy.linalg.cython_lapack cimport dgetri, dgetrf, dpotrf
cpdef void double[:, ::1] inv_c(double[:, ::1] A, double[:, ::1] B,
double[:, ::1] work, double[::1] ipiv):
'''invert float type square matrix A
Parameters
----------
A : memoryview (numpy array)
n x n array to invert
B : memoryview (numpy array)
n x n array to use within the function, function
will modify this matrix in place to become the inverse of A
work : memoryview (numpy array)
n x n array to use within the function
ipiv : memoryview (numpy array)
length n array to use within function
'''
cdef int n = A.shape[0], info, lwork
B[...] = A
dgetrf(&n, &n, &B[0, 0], &n, &ipiv[0], &info)
dgetri(&n, &B[0,0], &n, &ipiv[0], &work[0,0], &lwork, &info)
cpdef double det_c(double[:, ::1] A, double[:, ::1] work, double[::1] ipiv):
'''obtain determinant of float type square matrix A
Notes
-----
As is, this function is not yet computing the sign of the determinant
correctly, help!
Parameters
----------
A : memoryview (numpy array)
n x n array to compute determinant of
work : memoryview (numpy array)
n x n array to use within function
ipiv : memoryview (numpy array)
length n vector use within function
Returns
-------
detval : float
determinant of matrix A
'''
cdef int n = A.shape[0], info
work[...] = A
dgetrf(&n, &n, &work[0,0], &n, &ipiv[0], &info)
cdef double detval = 1.
cdef int j
for j in range(n):
if j != ipiv[j]:
detval = -detval*work[j, j]
else:
detval = detval*work[j, j]
return detval
cdef void chol_c(double[:, ::1] A, double[:, ::1] B):
'''cholesky factorization of real symmetric positive definite float matrix A
Parameters
----------
A : memoryview (numpy array)
n x n matrix to compute cholesky decomposition
B : memoryview (numpy array)
n x n matrix to use within function, will be modified
in place to become cholesky decomposition of A. works
similar to np.linalg.cholesky
'''
cdef int n = A.shape[0], info
cdef char uplo = 'U'
B[...] = A
dpotrf(&uplo, &n, &B[0,0], &n, &info)
cdef int i, j
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
if j > i:
B[i, j] = 0
cpdef void dotmm_c(double[:, :] A, double[:, :] B, double[:, :] out):
'''matrix multiply matrices A (n x m) and B (m x l)
Parameters
----------
A : memoryview (numpy array)
n x m left matrix
B : memoryview (numpy array)
m x r right matrix
out : memoryview (numpy array)
n x r output matrix
'''
cdef Py_ssize_t i, j, k
cdef double s
cdef Py_ssize_t n = A.shape[0], m = A.shape[1]
cdef Py_ssize_t l = B.shape[0], r = B.shape[1]
for i in range(n):
for j in range(r):
s = 0
for k in range(m):
s += A[i, k]*B[k, j]
out[i, j] = s
#!/bin/bash
awk -v term="$1" -v RS="" -v FS="\n" -v ORS="\n\n" 'tolower($0) ~ term' GUTINDEX.ALL
标志定义了一些变量
-v是从命令行传入的搜索词term是输入记录分隔符，RS是字段分隔符。它们中的两个一起将记录定义为由空行分隔的行的多个FS是输出记录分隔符