我们说我有一个数据库表＆＃39; USAGE＆＃39;如下所示：
MACHINE WEEK HOURS PIECES
A 2018-12 1 2
B 2018-12 3 4
A 2018-13 12 1
B 2018-13 2 5
A 2018-15 6 6
B 2018-15 2 2
C 2018-16 2 1
D 2018-17 4 22
B 2018-17 3 9
A 2018-18 1 8
E 2018-18 4 4
D 2018-13 2 4
我希望在datagridview中显示数据如下：
MACHINE 2018-12 2018-13 2018-14 2018-15 2018-16 2018-17 2018-18
A 1H 2P 12H 1P 6H 6P 1H 8P
B 3H 4P 2H 5P 2H 2P 3H 9P
C 2H 1P
D 2H 4P 4H 22P
E 4H 4P
在视觉狐狸中，这非常简单。
this.edType = 1
this.ehCols = 20
this.ehStartval = date()+ 7
这创建了20个列，标题中包含不同的周数。然后用下面的命令完成了：
this.ehKeyFld = "iif(usage.hours > 0 and usage.pieces > 0,STR(usage.hours,4) + 'H ' + STR(usage.pieces,3)+'P','')"
现在我想做同样的事情，但我喜欢在datagridview中显示数据。
如果我这样做：
select machine, iif(week='2018-12',str(hours,4) + 'H' + str(pieces,3) + 'P','') as '2018-12', IIF(week='2018-13',str(hours,4) + 'H' + str(pieces,3) + 'P','') as '2018-13', IIF(week='2018-14',str(hours,4) + 'H' + str(pieces,3) + 'P','') as '2018-14', IIF(week='2018-15',str(hours,4) + 'H' + str(pieces,3) + 'P','') as '2018-15', IIF(week='2018-16',str(hours,4) + 'H' + str(pieces,3) + 'P','') as '2018-16', IIF(week='2018-17',str(hours,4) + 'H' + str(pieces,3) + 'P','') as '2018-17', IIF(week='2018-18',str(hours,4) + 'H' + str(pieces,3) + 'P','') as '2018-18' from GCCTEST.dbo.usage
我得到以下输出：
machine 2018-12 2018-13 2018-14 2018-15 2018-16 2018-17 2018-18
A 1H 2P
B 3H 4P
A 12H 1P
B 2H 5P
A 6H 6P
B 2H 2P
C 2H 1P
D 4H 22P
B 3H 9P
A 1H 8P
E 4H 4P
D 2H 4P
我在SQL中寻找一个可以按照我想要的方式填充datagridview的命令，即每一台机器都有一行，数据在正确的列中。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我接受VFP更容易。但是，说datagridview，我认为你的意思是C＃，这也可以用C＃在很多方面完成。使用SQL，您还可以使用“PIVOT”。即：
DECLARE @table TABLE([MACHINE] VARCHAR(1), [WEEK] VARCHAR(7), [HOURS] INT, [PIECES] INT);
INSERT INTO @table(MACHINE, WEEK, HOURS, PIECES)
VALUES('A', '2018-12', 1, 2),
('B', '2018-12', 3, 4),
('A', '2018-13', 12, 1),
('B', '2018-13', 2, 5),
('A', '2018-15', 6, 6),
('B', '2018-15', 2, 2),
('C', '2018-16', 2, 1),
('D', '2018-17', 4, 22),
('B', '2018-17', 3, 9),
('A', '2018-18', 1, 8),
('E', '2018-18', 4, 4),
('D', '2018-13', 2, 4);
SELECT *
FROM(
SELECT MACHINE, WEEK, STR(HOURS, 4)+'H'+STR(PIECES, 3)+'P' AS data
FROM @table
) AS source
PIVOT(
MAX(data)
FOR WEEK IN([2018-12], [2018-13], [2018-14], [2018-15], [2018-16], [2018-17], [2018-18])
) AS mypivot;
但是，您不希望在SQL中对所有这些列进行硬编码。检查“动态PIVOT”。以下是Northwind数据的示例：
DECLARE @COUNTRY NVARCHAR(MAX) = '' , @cTotal NVARCHAR(MAX) = ''
SELECT @COUNTRY = @COUNTRY + COALESCE(QUOTENAME(Country) + ', ', '')
FROM Customers
WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM [Orders] AS [o]
WHERE o.[CustomerID] = Customers.[CustomerID] )
GROUP BY Country;
SET @COUNTRY = LEFT(@COUNTRY, LEN(@COUNTRY) - 1);
SELECT @cTotal = @cTotal + COALESCE('Coalesce('+QUOTENAME(Country) + ',0) +', '')
FROM Customers
WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM [Orders] AS [o]
WHERE o.[CustomerID] = Customers.[CustomerID] )
GROUP BY Country;
SET @cTotal = LEFT(@cTotal, LEN(@cTotal) - 1);
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX);
SET @SQL = 'SELECT * , ' + @cTotal + ' AS TOTAL FROM
(
SELECT oe.EmployeeID, oe.LastName, oe.ShipCountry AS CO,
OD.Quantity * OD.UnitPrice AS QU
FROM (
SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, ShipCountry
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT
ShipCountry
FROM Orders
) o ,
Employees
) oe
LEFT JOIN Orders O ON O.EmployeeID = oe.EmployeeID AND
[oe].[ShipCountry] = [O].[ShipCountry]
LEFT JOIN [Order Details] OD ON OD.OrderID = O.OrderID
) AS T
PIVOT(SUM(QU) FOR CO IN (' + @COUNTRY + ')) AS PVT
ORDER BY 1';
EXEC(@SQL);
答案 1 :(得分：1)
我的解决方案： 我有一个数据库，其中包含tblMachines中机器的描述，我有一个数据库，其中包含tblUsage中机器的用法。 在我的Windows窗体上，我有一个datagridview Dgv_4和一个Combobox1
Private Sub ComboBox_Drop(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles ComboBox1.DropDown
Dim ac As ComboBox = DirectCast(sender, ComboBox)
If Me.ActiveControl Is ComboBox1 Then
ComboBox1.Items.Clear()
' Fill combobox with a range of weeks to chose from
For i As Integer = -1 To 1 Step 1
For j As Integer = 1 To 52
Dim num As String = j.ToString
If Len(num) < 2 Then
num = $"0{num}"
End If
ComboBox1.Items.Add(Date.Today.Year + i & "-" & num)
Next
Next
End If
End Sub
Private Sub ComboBox_SelectedIndexChanged(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles ComboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged
' Create headers for datagridview with dates and weeknumbers
Dim result As String = ComboBox1.SelectedItem
Dim PivotString As String = $"PIVOT (MAX(data) FOR week IN("
Dim endline As String = ","
Dim weekadd As Integer = 0
For i As Integer = 0 To TotNumWeeks
If i = TotNumWeeks Then
' Close string
endline = ")) as mypivot"
Else
' Check year limits
If (Convert.ToInt32(Strings.Right(result, 2)) + i) > 52 Then
' Change year and week
weekadd = 0
result = $"{Convert.ToInt32(Strings.Left(result, 4)) + 1.ToString}-01"
End If
End If
PivotString = PivotString + $"[{Strings.Left(result, 4)}-{(Convert.ToInt32(Strings.Right(result, 2)) + weekadd).ToString("D2")}]{endline}"
weekadd = weekadd + 1
Next
Dgv_4Pivot = PivotString
' Run query without pivot, seems to prevent insert columns on the right
LoadDataGridView1($"SELECT {Dgv_4Query}{Dgv_4Join}")
' Run query with pivot to fill datagridview with new weeks
LoadDataGridView1($"SELECT * FROM (SELECT {Dgv_4Query}{Dgv_4Join}) as source {Dgv_4Pivot} order by prio", "")
End Sub
这将从当前周开始显示并加载datagridview，使用组合框可以选择不同的星期：
{{1}}
答案 2 :(得分：0)
我也发现在SQL中更难做到.Net缺乏VFP的活力＆lt; g>你可能仍然可以通过自己的一些自定义数据来解决这个问题。枢轴通常在VFP中称为交叉表。实际上它是关于汇总数据然后分发到列，其中一列值（此处为机器）被转换为列。在您的示例中，数据已经汇总，实际上不需要使用MS SQL的数据透视表。恕我直言，可以获取数据并在数据表中本地创建交叉表，因为您只有大约20-25列（周），最多可能有一千台机器。以下是采样代码（使用telerik代码转换器从C＃转换代码 - 注意：我昨天使用MS SQL服务器基础查询来模仿您的数据来自MS SQL）：
Private Sub Main()
Dim sql As String = "DECLARE @table TABLE([MACHINE] VARCHAR(1), [WEEK] VARCHAR(7), [HOURS] INT, [PIECES] INT);
INSERT INTO @table(MACHINE, WEEK, HOURS, PIECES)
VALUES('A', '2018-12', 1, 2),
('B', '2018-12', 3, 4),
('A', '2018-13', 12, 1),
('B', '2018-13', 2, 5),
('A', '2018-15', 6, 6),
('B', '2018-15', 2, 2),
('C', '2018-16', 2, 1),
('D', '2018-17', 4, 22),
('B', '2018-17', 3, 9),
('A', '2018-18', 1, 8),
('E', '2018-18', 4, 4),
('D', '2018-13', 2, 4);
SELECT MACHINE, WEEK, HOURS, PIECES FROM @table"
Dim tbl As DataTable = New DataTable()
Using con = New SqlConnection("server=.\SQLExpress;Trusted_Connection=yes")
con.Open()
tbl.Load(New SqlCommand(sql, con).ExecuteReader())
con.Close()
End Using
Dim weeks = 20
Dim weekStart = 12
Dim year = 2018
Dim result As DataTable = New DataTable()
result.Columns.Add("Machine", GetType(String))
For i As Integer = 0 To weeks - 1
Dim week = $"{year}-{i + weekStart}"
result.Columns.Add(week, GetType(String))
Next
Dim lst = tbl.AsEnumerable()
Dim machines = lst.[Select](Function(l) l.Field(Of String)("Machine")).Distinct().OrderBy(Function(l) l)
For Each machine As String In machines
Dim row = result.NewRow()
row("Machine") = machine
For i As Integer = 0 To weeks - 1
Dim week = $"{year}-{i + weekStart}"
Dim weekValue = lst.SingleOrDefault(Function(t) t.Field(Of String)("WEEK") = week AndAlso t.Field(Of String)("Machine") = machine)
row(week) = If(weekValue Is Nothing, "", $"{CInt(weekValue("Hours"))}H {CInt(weekValue("Pieces"))}P")
Next
result.Rows.Add(row)
Next
Dim f As Form = New Form()
f.Controls.Add(New DataGridView With {.Dock = DockStyle.Fill, .DataSource = result})
f.Show()
End Sub