如何优化C ++ avr代码

时间:2018-04-14 07:05:07

标签: c++ performance assembly avr micro-optimization

要设置或清除寄存器中的位,我使用以下代码:

template<int... pos, class Int>
static constexpr void write_one(Int& i)
{
    using expand = int[];
    expand{0,((i |= (Int{1} << pos)), 0)...};
}

template<int... pos, class Int>
static constexpr void write_zero(Int& i)
{
    using expand = int[];
    expand{0,((i &= ~(Int{1} << pos)), 0)...};
}

工作正常。为了测试它的效率,我编写了2个测试函数:

// The most efficiency
while(1){
    PORTB |= (1 << PB0);
    PORTB &= ~(1 << PB0);
}

// This is the one I want to measure
while(1){
     Bit::write_one<PB0>(PORTB);
     Bit::write_zero<PB0>(PORTB);
}

当我使用示波器测量时间时,第二个需要更多时间,因此我将代码取消以下内容:

; This is the first one (of course, the most efficient)
000000c8 <_Z12testv>:
ce: 28 9a           sbi 0x05, 0 ; 5
d0: 28 98           cbi 0x05, 0 ; 5
d2: fd cf           rjmp    .-6         ; 0xce <_Z12testv+0x6>

; The second one
000000c8 <_Z12testv>:
; The compiler optimize perfectly write_one<PB0>(PORTB)
ce: 28 9a           sbi 0x05, 0 ; 5

; but, look what happens with write_zero<PB0>(PORTB)!!! 
; Why the compiler can't write "cbi"???
; Here is the problem:
d0: 85 b1           in  r24, 0x05   ; 5
d2: 90 e0           ldi r25, 0x00   ; 0
d4: 8e 7f           andi    r24, 0xFE   ; 254
d6: 85 b9           out 0x05, r24   ; 5

d8: fa cf           rjmp    .-12        ; 0xce <_Z12testv+0x6>

我正在使用avr -g ++ 4.9.2和-O3标志。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

template<int... pos, class Int>
static constexpr void write_one(Int& i)
{
    using expand = int[];
    expand{0,((i |= (Int{1} << pos)), 0)...};
}
template<int... pos, class Int>
static constexpr void write_zero(Int& i)
{
    using expand = int[];
    expand{0,((i &= ~(Int{1} << pos)), 0)...};
}
I

Bit::write_one<PB0>(PORTB);
Bit::write_zero<PB0>(PORTB);

int[2] { 0, ((i |= (Int{1} << pos)), 0) }

int[2] { 0, 0 } // a tmp that is a nop
(i |= (Int{1} << pos))

(i |= (decl_type(PORTB){1} << int { PB0 }))

PORTB看起来像是一个不稳定的uint5_t值0-31(AVR),值为0x5

(i |= ( uint5_t{1} << int {0}))

1和0是文字/ constexpr所以它给出1。

i |= 1

哪个代码发送到

sbi 0x5, 0 // set port 5 bit 0


expand{0,((i &= ~(Int{1} << pos)), 0)...};

遵循相同的逻辑给出

(i &= ~(1))

给出代码

d0: 85 b1           in  r24, 0x05   ; 5
d2: 90 e0           ldi r25, 0x00   ; 0 <---------- this value is not used nor set any flags???
d4: 8e 7f           andi    r24, 0xFE   ; 254 (i &= ~(1))
d6: 85 b9           out 0x05, r24   ; 5

因此,结论必须是AVR的代码生成错误,因为它会生成虚假指令。

解释ldi