我们正在开发一个python库,并希望改变某些函数中某些函数参数的命名方式。
我们希望保持向后兼容性,因此我们希望找到一种为函数参数创建别名的方法。
以下是一个例子:
旧版本:
class MyClass(object):
def __init__(self, object_id):
self.id = object_id
新版本:
class MyClass(object):
def __init__(self, id_object):
self.id = id_object
我们如何让这个类与两种调用方式兼容:
object1 = MyClass(object_id=1234)
object2 = MyClass(id_object=1234)
我当然可以创建这样的东西:
class MyClass(object):
def __init__(self, object_id=None, id_object=None):
if id_object is not None:
self.id = id_object
else:
self.id = object_id
但是,它会改变参数的数量,我们严格要避免这种情况。
有没有办法声明方法别名或参数别名?
答案 0 :(得分:11)
你可以写一个装饰者:
import functools
import warnings
def deprecated_alias(**aliases):
def deco(f):
@functools.wraps(f)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
rename_kwargs(f.__name__, kwargs, aliases)
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
return deco
def rename_kwargs(func_name, kwargs, aliases):
for alias, new in aliases.items():
if alias in kwargs:
if new in kwargs:
raise TypeError('{} received both {} and {}'.format(
func_name, alias, new))
warnings.warn('{} is deprecated; use {}'.format(alias, new),
DeprecationWarning)
kwargs[new] = kwargs.pop(alias)
class MyClass(object):
@deprecated_alias(object_id='id_object')
def __init__(self, id_object):
self.id = id_object
或者,由于您使用的是Python 3,因此可以使object_id
成为仅限关键字的参数:
import warnings
class MyClass(object):
# v Look here
def __init__(self, id_object=None, *, object_id=None):
if id_object is not None and object_id is not None:
raise TypeError("MyClass received both object_id and id_object")
elif id_object is not None:
self.id = id_object
elif object_id is not None:
warnings.warn("object_id is deprecated; use id_object", DeprecationWarning)
self.id = object_id
else:
raise TypeError("MyClass missing id_object argument")
答案 1 :(得分:1)
另一种方式,比user2357112的答案更不优雅,就是使用元类工厂:
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