简而言之，我试图实现一些运动检测算法，在我的情况下，我正在使用便携式版本的AForge库处理UWP来处理图像。避免这个问题，我将转换SoftwareBitmap对象（我从MediaFrameReader获得）转换为Bitmap对象（反之亦然），我在与动作检测相关的代码中使用了该对象。由于这种转换，我得到了前景中带有大红色X的正确图像。代码如下：
private async void FrameArrived(MediaFrameReader sender, MediaFrameArrivedEventArgs args)
{
var frame = sender.TryAcquireLatestFrame();
if (frame != null && !_detectingMotion)
{
SoftwareBitmap aForgeInputBitmap = null;
var inputBitmap = frame.VideoMediaFrame?.SoftwareBitmap;
if (inputBitmap != null)
{
_detectingMotion = true;
//The XAML Image control can only display images in BRGA8 format with premultiplied or no alpha
if (inputBitmap.BitmapPixelFormat == BitmapPixelFormat.Bgra8
&& inputBitmap.BitmapAlphaMode == BitmapAlphaMode.Premultiplied)
{
aForgeInputBitmap = SoftwareBitmap.Copy(inputBitmap);
}
else
{
aForgeInputBitmap = SoftwareBitmap.Convert(inputBitmap, BitmapPixelFormat.Bgra8, BitmapAlphaMode.Ignore);
}
await _aForgeHelper.MoveBackgrounds(aForgeInputBitmap);
SoftwareBitmap aForgeOutputBitmap = await _aForgeHelper.DetectMotion();
_frameRenderer.PresentSoftwareBitmap(aForgeOutputBitmap);
_detectingMotion = false;
}
}
}
class AForgeHelper
{
private Bitmap _background;
private Bitmap _currentFrameBitmap;
public async Task MoveBackgrounds(SoftwareBitmap currentFrame)
{
if (_background == null)
{
_background = TransformToGrayscale(await ConvertSoftwareBitmapToBitmap(currentFrame));
}
else
{
// modifying _background in compliance with algorithm - in this case irrelevant
}
}
public async Task<SoftwareBitmap> DetectMotion()
{
// to check only this conversion
return await ConvertBitmapToSoftwareBitmap(_background);
}
private static async Task<Bitmap> ConvertSoftwareBitmapToBitmap(SoftwareBitmap input)
{
Bitmap output = null;
await CoreApplication.MainView.CoreWindow.Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () =>
{
WriteableBitmap tmpBitmap = new WriteableBitmap(input.PixelWidth, input.PixelHeight);
input.CopyToBuffer(tmpBitmap.PixelBuffer);
output = (Bitmap)tmpBitmap;
});
return output;
}
private static async Task<SoftwareBitmap> ConvertBitmapToSoftwareBitmap(Bitmap input)
{
SoftwareBitmap output = null;
await CoreApplication.MainView.CoreWindow.Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () =>
{
WriteableBitmap tmpBitmap = (WriteableBitmap)input;
output = new SoftwareBitmap(BitmapPixelFormat.Bgra8, tmpBitmap.PixelWidth, tmpBitmap.PixelHeight,
BitmapAlphaMode.Premultiplied);
output.CopyFromBuffer(tmpBitmap.PixelBuffer);
});
return output;
}
private static Bitmap TransformToGrayscale(Bitmap input)
{
Grayscale grayscaleFilter = new Grayscale(0.2125, 0.7154, 0.0721);
Bitmap output = grayscaleFilter.Apply(input);
return output;
}
当然，我尝试使用try-catch子句检测一些错误。我一无所获。提前谢谢。
编辑（29/03/2018）：
通常，我的应用程序的目标是提供与Kinect传感器相关的一些功能。应用程序用户可以从功能列表中选择一些功能。首先，这个应用程序必须在Xbox One上提供，因此我选择了UWP。由于＆＃39;科学＆＃39;问题，我使用MVVM Light框架实现了MVVM模式。至于 PresentSoftwareBitmap（）方法，它来自Windows-universal-samples repo，我在下面粘贴了FrameRenderer助手类：
[ComImport]
[Guid("5B0D3235-4DBA-4D44-865E-8F1D0E4FD04D")]
[InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
unsafe interface IMemoryBufferByteAccess
{
void GetBuffer(out byte* buffer, out uint capacity);
}
class FrameRenderer
{
private Image _imageElement;
private SoftwareBitmap _backBuffer;
private bool _taskRunning = false;
public FrameRenderer(Image imageElement)
{
_imageElement = imageElement;
_imageElement.Source = new SoftwareBitmapSource();
}
// Processes a MediaFrameReference and displays it in a XAML image control
public void ProcessFrame(MediaFrameReference frame)
{
var softwareBitmap = FrameRenderer.ConvertToDisplayableImage(frame?.VideoMediaFrame);
if (softwareBitmap != null)
{
// Swap the processed frame to _backBuffer and trigger UI thread to render it
softwareBitmap = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _backBuffer, softwareBitmap);
// UI thread always reset _backBuffer before using it. Unused bitmap should be disposed.
softwareBitmap?.Dispose();
// Changes to xaml ImageElement must happen in UI thread through Dispatcher
var task = _imageElement.Dispatcher.RunAsync(CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal,
async () =>
{
// Don't let two copies of this task run at the same time.
if (_taskRunning)
{
return;
}
_taskRunning = true;
// Keep draining frames from the backbuffer until the backbuffer is empty.
SoftwareBitmap latestBitmap;
while ((latestBitmap = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _backBuffer, null)) != null)
{
var imageSource = (SoftwareBitmapSource)_imageElement.Source;
await imageSource.SetBitmapAsync(latestBitmap);
latestBitmap.Dispose();
}
_taskRunning = false;
});
}
}
// Function delegate that transforms a scanline from an input image to an output image.
private unsafe delegate void TransformScanline(int pixelWidth, byte* inputRowBytes, byte* outputRowBytes);
/// <summary>
/// Determines the subtype to request from the MediaFrameReader that will result in
/// a frame that can be rendered by ConvertToDisplayableImage.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Subtype string to request, or null if subtype is not renderable.</returns>
public static string GetSubtypeForFrameReader(MediaFrameSourceKind kind, MediaFrameFormat format)
{
// Note that media encoding subtypes may differ in case.
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/uwp/api/Windows.Media.MediaProperties.MediaEncodingSubtypes
string subtype = format.Subtype;
switch (kind)
{
// For color sources, we accept anything and request that it be converted to Bgra8.
case MediaFrameSourceKind.Color:
return Windows.Media.MediaProperties.MediaEncodingSubtypes.Bgra8;
// The only depth format we can render is D16.
case MediaFrameSourceKind.Depth:
return String.Equals(subtype, Windows.Media.MediaProperties.MediaEncodingSubtypes.D16, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? subtype : null;
// The only infrared formats we can render are L8 and L16.
case MediaFrameSourceKind.Infrared:
return (String.Equals(subtype, Windows.Media.MediaProperties.MediaEncodingSubtypes.L8, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
String.Equals(subtype, Windows.Media.MediaProperties.MediaEncodingSubtypes.L16, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ? subtype : null;
// No other source kinds are supported by this class.
default:
return null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts a frame to a SoftwareBitmap of a valid format to display in an Image control.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inputFrame">Frame to convert.</param>
public static unsafe SoftwareBitmap ConvertToDisplayableImage(VideoMediaFrame inputFrame)
{
SoftwareBitmap result = null;
using (var inputBitmap = inputFrame?.SoftwareBitmap)
{
if (inputBitmap != null)
{
switch (inputFrame.FrameReference.SourceKind)
{
case MediaFrameSourceKind.Color:
// XAML requires Bgra8 with premultiplied alpha.
// We requested Bgra8 from the MediaFrameReader, so all that's
// left is fixing the alpha channel if necessary.
if (inputBitmap.BitmapPixelFormat != BitmapPixelFormat.Bgra8)
{
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Color frame in unexpected format.");
}
else if (inputBitmap.BitmapAlphaMode == BitmapAlphaMode.Premultiplied)
{
// Already in the correct format.
result = SoftwareBitmap.Copy(inputBitmap);
}
else
{
// Convert to premultiplied alpha.
result = SoftwareBitmap.Convert(inputBitmap, BitmapPixelFormat.Bgra8, BitmapAlphaMode.Premultiplied);
}
break;
case MediaFrameSourceKind.Depth:
// We requested D16 from the MediaFrameReader, so the frame should
// be in Gray16 format.
if (inputBitmap.BitmapPixelFormat == BitmapPixelFormat.Gray16)
{
// Use a special pseudo color to render 16 bits depth frame.
var depthScale = (float)inputFrame.DepthMediaFrame.DepthFormat.DepthScaleInMeters;
var minReliableDepth = inputFrame.DepthMediaFrame.MinReliableDepth;
var maxReliableDepth = inputFrame.DepthMediaFrame.MaxReliableDepth;
result = TransformBitmap(inputBitmap, (w, i, o) => PseudoColorHelper.PseudoColorForDepth(w, i, o, depthScale, minReliableDepth, maxReliableDepth));
}
else
{
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Depth frame in unexpected format.");
}
break;
case MediaFrameSourceKind.Infrared:
// We requested L8 or L16 from the MediaFrameReader, so the frame should
// be in Gray8 or Gray16 format.
switch (inputBitmap.BitmapPixelFormat)
{
case BitmapPixelFormat.Gray16:
// Use pseudo color to render 16 bits frames.
result = TransformBitmap(inputBitmap, PseudoColorHelper.PseudoColorFor16BitInfrared);
break;
case BitmapPixelFormat.Gray8:
// Use pseudo color to render 8 bits frames.
result = TransformBitmap(inputBitmap, PseudoColorHelper.PseudoColorFor8BitInfrared);
break;
default:
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Infrared frame in unexpected format.");
break;
}
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Transform image into Bgra8 image using given transform method.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="softwareBitmap">Input image to transform.</param>
/// <param name="transformScanline">Method to map pixels in a scanline.</param>
private static unsafe SoftwareBitmap TransformBitmap(SoftwareBitmap softwareBitmap, TransformScanline transformScanline)
{
// XAML Image control only supports premultiplied Bgra8 format.
var outputBitmap = new SoftwareBitmap(BitmapPixelFormat.Bgra8,
softwareBitmap.PixelWidth, softwareBitmap.PixelHeight, BitmapAlphaMode.Premultiplied);
using (var input = softwareBitmap.LockBuffer(BitmapBufferAccessMode.Read))
using (var output = outputBitmap.LockBuffer(BitmapBufferAccessMode.Write))
{
// Get stride values to calculate buffer position for a given pixel x and y position.
int inputStride = input.GetPlaneDescription(0).Stride;
int outputStride = output.GetPlaneDescription(0).Stride;
int pixelWidth = softwareBitmap.PixelWidth;
int pixelHeight = softwareBitmap.PixelHeight;
using (var outputReference = output.CreateReference())
using (var inputReference = input.CreateReference())
{
// Get input and output byte access buffers.
byte* inputBytes;
uint inputCapacity;
((IMemoryBufferByteAccess)inputReference).GetBuffer(out inputBytes, out inputCapacity);
byte* outputBytes;
uint outputCapacity;
((IMemoryBufferByteAccess)outputReference).GetBuffer(out outputBytes, out outputCapacity);
// Iterate over all pixels and store converted value.
for (int y = 0; y < pixelHeight; y++)
{
byte* inputRowBytes = inputBytes + y * inputStride;
byte* outputRowBytes = outputBytes + y * outputStride;
transformScanline(pixelWidth, inputRowBytes, outputRowBytes);
}
}
}
return outputBitmap;
}
/// <summary>
/// A helper class to manage look-up-table for pseudo-colors.
/// </summary>
private static class PseudoColorHelper
{
#region Constructor, private members and methods
private const int TableSize = 1024; // Look up table size
private static readonly uint[] PseudoColorTable;
private static readonly uint[] InfraredRampTable;
// Color palette mapping value from 0 to 1 to blue to red colors.
private static readonly Color[] ColorRamp =
{
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0x7F, g:0x00, b:0x00),
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0xFF, g:0x00, b:0x00),
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0xFF, g:0x7F, b:0x00),
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0xFF, g:0xFF, b:0x00),
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0x7F, g:0xFF, b:0x7F),
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0x00, g:0xFF, b:0xFF),
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0x00, g:0x7F, b:0xFF),
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0x00, g:0x00, b:0xFF),
Color.FromArgb(a:0xFF, r:0x00, g:0x00, b:0x7F),
};
static PseudoColorHelper()
{
PseudoColorTable = InitializePseudoColorLut();
InfraredRampTable = InitializeInfraredRampLut();
}
/// <summary>
/// Maps an input infrared value between [0, 1] to corrected value between [0, 1].
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">Input value between [0, 1].</param>
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] // Tell the compiler to inline this method to improve performance
private static uint InfraredColor(float value)
{
int index = (int)(value * TableSize);
index = index < 0 ? 0 : index > TableSize - 1 ? TableSize - 1 : index;
return InfraredRampTable[index];
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes the pseudo-color look up table for infrared pixels
/// </summary>
private static uint[] InitializeInfraredRampLut()
{
uint[] lut = new uint[TableSize];
for (int i = 0; i < TableSize; i++)
{
var value = (float)i / TableSize;
// Adjust to increase color change between lower values in infrared images
var alpha = (float)Math.Pow(1 - value, 12);
lut[i] = ColorRampInterpolation(alpha);
}
return lut;
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes pseudo-color look up table for depth pixels
/// </summary>
private static uint[] InitializePseudoColorLut()
{
uint[] lut = new uint[TableSize];
for (int i = 0; i < TableSize; i++)
{
lut[i] = ColorRampInterpolation((float)i / TableSize);
}
return lut;
}
/// <summary>
/// Maps a float value to a pseudo-color pixel
/// </summary>
private static uint ColorRampInterpolation(float value)
{
// Map value to surrounding indexes on the color ramp
int rampSteps = ColorRamp.Length - 1;
float scaled = value * rampSteps;
int integer = (int)scaled;
int index =
integer < 0 ? 0 :
integer >= rampSteps - 1 ? rampSteps - 1 :
integer;
Color prev = ColorRamp[index];
Color next = ColorRamp[index + 1];
// Set color based on ratio of closeness between the surrounding colors
uint alpha = (uint)((scaled - integer) * 255);
uint beta = 255 - alpha;
return
((prev.A * beta + next.A * alpha) / 255) << 24 | // Alpha
((prev.R * beta + next.R * alpha) / 255) << 16 | // Red
((prev.G * beta + next.G * alpha) / 255) << 8 | // Green
((prev.B * beta + next.B * alpha) / 255); // Blue
}
/// <summary>
/// Maps a value in [0, 1] to a pseudo RGBA color.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">Input value between [0, 1].</param>
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
private static uint PseudoColor(float value)
{
int index = (int)(value * TableSize);
index = index < 0 ? 0 : index > TableSize - 1 ? TableSize - 1 : index;
return PseudoColorTable[index];
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// Maps each pixel in a scanline from a 16 bit depth value to a pseudo-color pixel.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pixelWidth">Width of the input scanline, in pixels.</param>
/// <param name="inputRowBytes">Pointer to the start of the input scanline.</param>
/// <param name="outputRowBytes">Pointer to the start of the output scanline.</param>
/// <param name="depthScale">Physical distance that corresponds to one unit in the input scanline.</param>
/// <param name="minReliableDepth">Shortest distance at which the sensor can provide reliable measurements.</param>
/// <param name="maxReliableDepth">Furthest distance at which the sensor can provide reliable measurements.</param>
public static unsafe void PseudoColorForDepth(int pixelWidth, byte* inputRowBytes, byte* outputRowBytes, float depthScale, float minReliableDepth, float maxReliableDepth)
{
// Visualize space in front of your desktop.
float minInMeters = minReliableDepth * depthScale;
float maxInMeters = maxReliableDepth * depthScale;
float one_min = 1.0f / minInMeters;
float range = 1.0f / maxInMeters - one_min;
ushort* inputRow = (ushort*)inputRowBytes;
uint* outputRow = (uint*)outputRowBytes;
for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++)
{
var depth = inputRow[x] * depthScale;
if (depth == 0)
{
// Map invalid depth values to transparent pixels.
// This happens when depth information cannot be calculated, e.g. when objects are too close.
outputRow[x] = 0;
}
else
{
var alpha = (1.0f / depth - one_min) / range;
outputRow[x] = PseudoColor(alpha * alpha);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Maps each pixel in a scanline from a 8 bit infrared value to a pseudo-color pixel.
/// </summary>
/// /// <param name="pixelWidth">Width of the input scanline, in pixels.</param>
/// <param name="inputRowBytes">Pointer to the start of the input scanline.</param>
/// <param name="outputRowBytes">Pointer to the start of the output scanline.</param>
public static unsafe void PseudoColorFor8BitInfrared(
int pixelWidth, byte* inputRowBytes, byte* outputRowBytes)
{
byte* inputRow = inputRowBytes;
uint* outputRow = (uint*)outputRowBytes;
for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++)
{
outputRow[x] = InfraredColor(inputRow[x] / (float)Byte.MaxValue);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Maps each pixel in a scanline from a 16 bit infrared value to a pseudo-color pixel.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pixelWidth">Width of the input scanline.</param>
/// <param name="inputRowBytes">Pointer to the start of the input scanline.</param>
/// <param name="outputRowBytes">Pointer to the start of the output scanline.</param>
public static unsafe void PseudoColorFor16BitInfrared(int pixelWidth, byte* inputRowBytes, byte* outputRowBytes)
{
ushort* inputRow = (ushort*)inputRowBytes;
uint* outputRow = (uint*)outputRowBytes;
for (int x = 0; x < pixelWidth; x++)
{
outputRow[x] = InfraredColor(inputRow[x] / (float)UInt16.MaxValue);
}
}
}
// Displays the provided softwareBitmap in a XAML image control.
public void PresentSoftwareBitmap(SoftwareBitmap softwareBitmap)
{
if (softwareBitmap != null)
{
// Swap the processed frame to _backBuffer and trigger UI thread to render it
softwareBitmap = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _backBuffer, softwareBitmap);
// UI thread always reset _backBuffer before using it. Unused bitmap should be disposed.
softwareBitmap?.Dispose();
// Changes to xaml ImageElement must happen in UI thread through Dispatcher
var task = _imageElement.Dispatcher.RunAsync(CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal,
async () =>
{
// Don't let two copies of this task run at the same time.
if (_taskRunning)
{
return;
}
_taskRunning = true;
// Keep draining frames from the backbuffer until the backbuffer is empty.
SoftwareBitmap latestBitmap;
while ((latestBitmap = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _backBuffer, null)) != null)
{
var imageSource = (SoftwareBitmapSource)_imageElement.Source;
await imageSource.SetBitmapAsync(latestBitmap);
latestBitmap.Dispose();
}
_taskRunning = false;
});
}
}
}
这是输出图像，我在转换问题和灰度处理后得到了： Output image
至于VS版本 - Visual Studio Enterprise 2017，版本15.6.1（准确地说）。再一次，提前感谢您的帮助。
