Question

我想为一个应用程序写一个AndroidTest，它涉及写入外部存储，但不知怎的，我无法使它工作。（在Pixel2，Lg G6，Huawai P8等多种设备上进行测试）

所以我简化了一切，只是为了测试是否可以写入外部存储器。我试用了GrantPermissionRule以及在Granter上写我没有成功。

我可能最终做了太多不必要的事情，所以这就是我所做的：

在AndroidStudio
添加了Manifest的许可
添加了AndroidManifest uses-permission代码
写了我自己的PermissionRequester
写了测试以尝试在/ sdcard / Download中添加一个文件夹并将其删除

以下是上面编号列表引用的片段

2

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.company.android.testpermissions">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="com.company.TestPermissions"
    android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme" />
</manifest>

3

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.company.android.testpermissions.test">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

</manifest>

也试过

<manifest package="com.company.android.testpermissions">...

省略'test'后缀

4

public class MyPermissionRequester {

    public static final String TAG = MyPermissionRequester.class.getSimpleName();

    public static void request(String... permissions) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            UiAutomation auto = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
            String cmd = "pm grant " + InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext().getPackageName() + " %1$s";
            String cmdTest = "pm grant " + InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getPackageName() + " %1$s";
            String currCmd;
            for (String perm : permissions) {
                execute(String.format(cmd, perm), auto);
                execute(String.format(cmdTest, perm), auto);
            }
        }
        GrantPermissionRule.grant(permissions);
    }

    private static void execute(String currCmd, UiAutomation auto){
        Log.d(TAG, "exec cmd: " + currCmd);
        auto.executeShellCommand(currCmd);
    }
}

5

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
    @Test
    public void sdcardTest(){

        //check sdcard availability 
        Assert.assertEquals("Media is not mounted!", Environment.getExternalStorageState(), Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
       //get and check Permissions
MyPermissionRequester.request(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        int grantResult = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        Assert.assertEquals(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED, grantResult);
        grantResult = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        Assert.assertEquals(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED, grantResult);

        //finally try to create folder
        File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS), "CompanyTest");
        if (!f.exists()){
            boolean mkdir = f.mkdirs();
            Assert.assertTrue("Folder '"+f.getAbsolutePath() + "' not Present!", mkdir);
        }
        boolean delete = f.delete();
        Assert.assertTrue("Folder '"+f.getAbsolutePath() + "' is Present!", delete);
    }
}

测试的结果是：

junit.framework.AssertionFailedError：文件夹   '/ storage / emulated / 0 /下载/ CompanyTest'不存在！在

junit.framework.Assert.fail（Assert.java:50）

junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue（Assert.java:20）

com.company.android.testpermissions.ExampleInstrumentedTest.sdcardTest（ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:69）

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke（Native Method）at   ...   （省略来自TestRunner的休息）

我在这里错过了什么或做错了什么？

Answer 1

经过多次努力尝试无法解决的问题后，我终于得到了解决方案：

谷歌声称

if your application already requests write access, it will automatically get read access as well.

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-4.1.html#Permissions

或在WriteExternalStorage文档中：

Note: If your app uses the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission, then it implicitly has permission to read the external storage as well.

https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/files.html#WriteExternalStorage

或在清单Permissions中：

Any app that declares the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission is implicitly granted this permission.

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission.html#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

除了它没有！

如果我明确地将READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE添加到我的清单以及在运行时请求它，它就会像我以前那样工作。

所以3.必须添加

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.company.android.testpermissions.test">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
</manifest>

并且测试应该如下所示：

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
    @Test
    public void sdcardTest(){

        //check sdcard availability 
        Assert.assertEquals("Media is not mounted!", Environment.getExternalStorageState(), Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
       //get and check Permissions
MyPermissionRequester.request(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        int grantResult = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        Assert.assertEquals(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED, grantResult);
        grantResult = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        Assert.assertEquals(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED, grantResult);

        //finally try to create folder
        File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS), "CompanyTest");
        if (!f.exists()){
            boolean mkdir = f.mkdirs();
            Assert.assertTrue("Folder '"+f.getAbsolutePath() + "' not Present!", mkdir);
        }
        boolean delete = f.delete();
        Assert.assertTrue("Folder '"+f.getAbsolutePath() + "' is Present!", delete);
    }
}

一切正常。

唯一的问题是，自Android 8.1以来，这是否是预期的行为

Answer 2

就像我在评论中所述，

我唯一能想到的是，在你引用的两个例子中，他们似乎都在引用旧版本的Android（看起来他们正在引用Android 4.1）。这是一个明确声明用户必须在Android 6.0之后明确批准不属于应用程序“沙箱”的每个权限的链接：

https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html

此外，他们在我上面提供的链接中明确说明您必须在清单中包含READ和WRITE。然后，您可以使用运行时权限，这将涵盖两者，但前提是您在清单中包含这两者。（在“处理权限请求响应”部分下）

Answer 3

从Android 6.0开始，您需要手动授予运行时权限以运行androidTest

adb shell pm grant <pkg_name> android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE adb shell pm grant <pkg_name> android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 您可以通过以下方式验证权限 adb shell dumpsys package <pkg_name> AndroidManifest.xml仅请求这些权限，而在安装androidTest APK时默认不授予这些权限。

在AndroidTest中编写外部存储

3 个答案: