matplotlib
我目前正在尝试基于matplotlib（Python 2.7）创建一个简单的Gui。 我的目标是绘制一个2d强度图，并使用用户控制的光标查看x和y切片。
它已经按照我想要的方式解决了。（参见下面的例子）。 但似乎在我可以使用的数组大小给出的程序中有一个市长限制。 如果我在阵列中超过几百万个条目，则该过程开始变为lagg。我认为这样做的原因是我在光标的移动过程中重绘了所有的数字。
是否有一个选项如何只能重绘光标和切片而不是重绘强度图？我没有找到任何东西。 或者是否有另一种选择，除了用像Tkinter这样真正的Gui写光标？
在下面的示例中，光标的初始位置为00.如果在光标位置附近按下鼠标右键并按住鼠标直到将光标移动到所需位置并释放，鼠标将会跟随鼠标移动。按钮。
# -*- noplot -*-
#from __future__ import print_function
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
class Cursor(object):
"""
creates a Gui objekt that plots given 2d data with imshow and creates a curser
wich can be moved by drag and drop. The horizontal and vertical line of the curser
are giving the position of a sliced trough the 2d-data and are plottet separetly.
"""
def __init__(self,data,scale_x,scale_y):
self.motion=False
self.data=data
self.scale_x=scale_x
self.scale_y=scale_y
self.create_fig()
# text location in axes coords
self.txt = self.ax1.text(0.7, 0.9, '', transform=self.ax1.transAxes)
self.create_events()
# print self.range_x,self.range_y
# print
# print
def create_events(self):
"""
Handles user events
"""
self.cid1=plt.connect('motion_notify_event', self.mouse_move)
self.cid2=plt.connect('button_press_event', self.mouse_press)
self.cid3=plt.connect('button_release_event', self.mouse_release)
def create_fig(self):
"""
Creates the GUI, initializes the cursers at minimum of the axes and plots the 2d-data
"""
#Create figure and axes
f=plt.figure(dpi=150)
self.ax1=f.add_subplot(221)
self.ax2=f.add_subplot(223,sharex=self.ax1)
self.ax3=f.add_subplot(222,sharey=self.ax1)
# plot in ax1
self.ax1.imshow(self.data,interpolation='none',aspect='auto',extent=[np.min(self.scale_x),np.max(self.scale_x),np.min(self.scale_y),np.max(self.scale_y)])
#Creates the limits
self.ax1.axis([np.min(self.scale_x),np.max(self.scale_x),np.min(self.scale_y),np.max(self.scale_y)])
self.ax3.set_xlim(np.min(self.data),np.max(self.data))
self.ax2.set_ylim(np.min(self.data),np.max(self.data))
#Create Curser @ minimum-minimum position of the axes
self.lx = self.ax1.axhline(color='k') # the horiz line
self.ly = self.ax1.axvline(color='k') # the vert line
self.lx.set_ydata(np.min(self.scale_y))
self.ly.set_xdata(np.min(self.scale_x))
#Creates sliced plots @ initial values of the curser
# the change of scale needs to be considered therefore
# the programm checks for the minimum difference beetween curser pos and self.scale_... entries
# and uses the position of the entry to slice the data array
self.slice_y,=self.ax3.plot(np.flipud(self.data[:,np.argmin(np.abs(self.scale_x-self.ly.get_xdata()))]),self.scale_y)
self.slice_x,=self.ax2.plot(self.scale_x,self.data[np.shape(self.scale_y)-np.argmin(np.abs(self.scale_y-self.lx.get_ydata()))-1,:][0])
# garanties fixed distances beetween the plots
plt.tight_layout()
def sliced_vertical(self,ax):
#gets the sliced vertical sliced data
self.slice_y.set_xdata(np.flipud(self.data[:,np.argmin(np.abs(self.scale_x-self.ly.get_xdata()))]))
def sliced_horizontal(self,ax):
#gets the horizontal sliced data
self.slice_x.set_ydata(self.data[np.shape(self.scale_y)-np.argmin(np.abs(self.scale_y-self.lx.get_ydata()))-1,:])
def cursermovement(self,event):
"""
tracks the curser movement and if a left click appeard near the curser
the curser will folow the motion
"""
if not event.inaxes:
return
if self.motion:
x, y = event.xdata, event.ydata
# update the line positions
self.lx.set_ydata(y)
self.ly.set_xdata(x)
#update the text
self.txt.set_text('x=%1.2f, y=%1.2f' % (x, y))
#update the sliced data
self.sliced_vertical(self.ax2)
self.sliced_horizontal(self.ax3)
#replot everything
plt.draw()
def mouse_move(self, event):
self.cursermovement(event)
def mouse_press(self,event):
#check range for moving the cursers here in case of zoom in or out
self.range_x=np.abs(self.ax1.get_xlim()[0]-self.ax1.get_xlim()[1])/20
self.range_y=np.abs(self.ax1.get_ylim()[0]-self.ax1.get_ylim()[1])/20
# check if click occured near curser
if (self.ly.get_xdata()+self.range_x>event.xdata>self.ly.get_xdata()-self.range_x) or (self.lx.get_ydata()+self.range_y>event.ydata>self.lx.get_ydata()-self.range_y):
self.motion=True
#curser jumps without motion to the mouse
self.cursermovement(event)
def mouse_release(self,event):
#checks if rigth mouse button was released
self.motion=False
"""
programm starts here
"""
# define the plot range in x and y axes and change array size
t = np.arange(0.0, 40.0, 0.01)
t2 = np.arange(0.0, 20.0, 0.01)
#create a 2d grid to create the intensity map
t_x,t_y=np.meshgrid(t,t2)
#create the intensity map
s = 10*np.sin(0.1*np.pi*(t_x))*np.sin(0.5*np.pi*t_y)+t_x+t_y
#create the Gui class
cursor = Cursor(s,t,t2)
plt.show()
问候，
Sinthoras
2 个答案:
答案 0 :(得分：0)
Matplotlib提供了一个名为Cursor的小部件。您可以将其用于热图图中的线条。这可以使用blitting，以便不会一直重绘画布，
matplotlib.widgets.Cursor(ax1,useblit=True)
要更新它旁边的图，您可以使用相同的blitting技术，但需要手动实现它。这样只会更新移动鼠标时更改的线条，从而使整个交互式体验更加顺畅。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.widgets
import numpy as np
# define the plot range in x and y axes and change array size
t = np.arange(0.0, 40.0, 0.01)
t2 = np.arange(0.0, 20.0, 0.01)
#create a 2d grid to create the intensity map
t_x,t_y=np.meshgrid(t,t2)
#create the intensity map
s = 10*np.sin(0.1*np.pi*(t_x))*np.sin(0.5*np.pi*t_y)+t_x+t_y
#create the Gui class
fig=plt.figure(dpi=150)
ax1=fig.add_subplot(221)
ax2=fig.add_subplot(223,sharex=ax1)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(222,sharey=ax1)
ax1.margins(0)
ax2.margins(0)
ax3.margins(0)
ax2.set_ylim(s.min(), s.max())
ax3.set_xlim(s.min(), s.max())
ax1.imshow(s,aspect='auto')
l2, = ax2.plot(np.arange(0,s.shape[1]),np.ones(s.shape[1])*np.nan)
l3, = ax3.plot(np.ones(s.shape[0])*np.nan, np.arange(0,s.shape[0]))
class Cursor():
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
self.cursor = matplotlib.widgets.Cursor(ax1,useblit=True,**kwargs)
self.cid = fig.canvas.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", self.cursor_move)
self.cid2 = fig.canvas.mpl_connect("draw_event", self.clear)
self.bg1 = None
self.bg2 = None
self.needclear = False
def cursor_move(self,event):
if event.inaxes == ax1:
self.needclear = True
x,y = int(event.xdata),int(event.ydata)
slice_y = s[:,x]
slice_x = s[y,:]
l2.set_ydata(slice_x)
l3.set_xdata(slice_y)
fig.canvas.restore_region(self.bg1)
fig.canvas.restore_region(self.bg2)
l2.set_visible(True); l3.set_visible(True)
ax2.draw_artist(l2)
ax3.draw_artist(l3)
fig.canvas.blit(ax2.bbox)
fig.canvas.blit(ax3.bbox)
else:
if self.needclear:
self.clear()
self.needclear = False
def clear(self, event=None):
l2.set_visible(False); l3.set_visible(False)
self.bg1 = fig.canvas.copy_from_bbox(ax2.bbox)
self.bg2 = fig.canvas.copy_from_bbox(ax3.bbox)
c = Cursor(color="crimson")
plt.show()
如果您只想在点击时移动光标，而不是移动鼠标，则可以断开其事件并连接新的button_press_event。然后代码的相关部分将是
# code as above
class Cursor():
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
self.cursor = matplotlib.widgets.Cursor(ax1,useblit=True,**kwargs)
self.cursor.disconnect_events()
self.cursor.connect_event('draw_event', self.cursor.clear)
self.cursor.connect_event('button_press_event', self.cursor.onmove)
self.cid = fig.canvas.mpl_connect("button_press_event", self.cursor_move)
self.cid2 = fig.canvas.mpl_connect("draw_event", self.clear)
self.bg1 = None
self.bg2 = None
self.needclear = False
# rest of code as above
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我希望光标可以在2d强度图上移动，然后让他离开某些点，这样我就可以在平滑过程中观察切片及其变化。
这是我目前解决问题的方法。光标就像在左下角初始化之前一样，您需要在该位置单击以将其拖动到desigered位置，然后释放鼠标左键。我现在也实施了自己的诅咒。它与matplotlib光标类似，具有水平和垂直线条。 我现在还补充说你可以改变光标的数量。 在它的5下面的例子中（所有这些都在Botttom左下角产生） 如果你有更好的想法或实施，我会很高兴在这里。 仍然我欠你的是因为它现在运行smothley与arrrays高达1000万条目:) 我的下一步是向光标添加强制天使
这是代码：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Sun Jan 07 20:08:00 2018
@author: Sinthoras
"""
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
class GUI_Cursor(object):
"""
creates a Gui objekt that plots given 2d data with imshow and creates a curser
wich can be moved by drag and drop. The horizontal and vertical line of the curser
are giving the position of a sliced trough the 2d-data and are plottet separetly.
Scale _x and scale_y represent the scale of the axes and therefore needs to be given too
"""
def __init__(self,data,scale_x,scale_y,numCur=1):
self.choice=0
self.numCur=numCur
self.motion = False
self.needclear = False
self.bg1 = None
self.bg2 = None
self.bg_main = None
self.data=data
self.scale_x=scale_x
self.scale_y=scale_y
self.create_fig()
self.create_events()
def create_events(self):
"""
Handles user events
"""
self.cid1=plt.connect('motion_notify_event', self.mouse_move)
self.cid2=plt.connect('button_press_event', self.mouse_press)
self.cid3=plt.connect('button_release_event', self.mouse_release)
self.cid4=plt.connect("draw_event", self.clear)
def create_fig(self):
"""
Creates the GUI, initializes the cursers at minimum of the axes and plots the 2d-data
"""
#Create figure and subplots
self.fig=plt.figure(dpi=150)
self.ax1=self.fig.add_subplot(221)
self.ax2=self.fig.add_subplot(223,sharex=self.ax1)
self.ax3=self.fig.add_subplot(222,sharey=self.ax1)
#self.cursor = matplotlib.widgets.Cursor(self.ax1,useblit=True)
# plot in ax1
self.main=self.ax1.imshow(self.data,interpolation='none',aspect='auto',extent=[np.min(self.scale_x),np.max(self.scale_x),np.min(self.scale_y),np.max(self.scale_y)])
#Creates the limits for the three plots
self.ax1.axis([np.min(self.scale_x),np.max(self.scale_x),np.min(self.scale_y),np.max(self.scale_y)])
self.ax2.set_ylim(np.min(self.data),np.max(self.data))
self.ax3.set_xlim(np.min(self.data),np.max(self.data))
#garanties fixed distances beetween the plots
plt.tight_layout()
#creates the curser as an object
#also goes true the plotteing and everthing else needed
self.Cursers=np.array([])
for i in range (self.numCur):
self.Cursers=np.append(self.Cursers,curser(self,i))
print 'here weeeee are'
def cursermovement(self,event):
"""
tracks the curser movement and if a left click appeard near the curser
the curser will folow the motion
"""
if event.inaxes:
if self.motion:
self.needclear = True
x, y = event.xdata, event.ydata
#restore the regions in the individual subplots:
self.fig.canvas.restore_region(self.bg_main)
self.fig.canvas.restore_region(self.bg1)
self.fig.canvas.restore_region(self.bg2)
for cur in self.Cursers:
if(cur==self.choice):
cur.update(x,y)
else:
cur.update(None,None)
#blit command for the subplots
self.fig.canvas.blit(self.ax1.bbox)
self.fig.canvas.blit(self.ax2.bbox)
self.fig.canvas.blit(self.ax3.bbox)
#update the text
#self.txt.set_text('x=%1.2f, y=%1.2f' % (x, y))
def clear(self, event=None):
print 'here'
for cur in self.Cursers:
cur.clear()
self.bg_main=self.fig.canvas.copy_from_bbox(self.ax1.bbox)
self.bg1 = self.fig.canvas.copy_from_bbox(self.ax2.bbox)
self.bg2 = self.fig.canvas.copy_from_bbox(self.ax3.bbox)
def mouse_move(self, event):
self.cursermovement(event)
def mouse_press(self,event):
#check range for moving the cursers here in case of zoom in or out
self.range_x=np.abs(self.ax1.get_xlim()[0]-self.ax1.get_xlim()[1])/20
self.range_y=np.abs(self.ax1.get_ylim()[0]-self.ax1.get_ylim()[1])/20
# check if click occured near curser
min_x=np.abs(self.Cursers[0].lx.get_ydata()-event.ydata)
min_y=np.abs(self.Cursers[0].ly.get_xdata()-event.xdata)
self.choice=self.Cursers[0]
for cur in self.Cursers:
if ((np.abs(cur.lx.get_ydata()-event.ydata)<min_x) or (np.abs(cur.ly.get_xdata()-event.xdata)<min_y)):
min_x=np.abs(cur.lx.get_ydata()-event.ydata)
min_y=np.abs(cur.ly.get_xdata()-event.xdata)
self.choice=cur
if (min_x<+self.range_x) or (min_y<self.range_y):
self.motion=True
#curser jumps without motion to the mouse
self.cursermovement(event)
def mouse_release(self,event):
#checks if rigth mouse button was released
self.motion=False
class curser(object):
"""
Creates one vertical and one horizontal curser in the ax1 plot of the figure
Input is simply the Gui class itself
"""
def __init__(self,GUI,index):
self.GUI=GUI
self.index=index
print GUI
self.lx = GUI.ax1.axhline(color='k') # the horiz line
self.ly = GUI.ax1.axvline(color='k') # the vert line
#sets the inital position of the curser needs to change maybe
self.lx.set_ydata(np.min(self.GUI.scale_y))
self.ly.set_xdata(np.min(self.GUI.scale_x))
#Creates sliced plots @ initial values of the curser
# the change of scale needs to be considered therefore
# the programm checks for the minimum difference beetween curser pos and self.scale_... entries
# and uses the position of the entry to slice the data array
self.slice_y,=self.GUI.ax3.plot(np.flipud(GUI.data[:,np.argmin(np.abs(self.GUI.scale_x-self.ly.get_xdata()))]),GUI.scale_y)
self.slice_x,=self.GUI.ax2.plot(self.GUI.scale_x,GUI.data[np.shape(GUI.scale_y)-np.argmin(np.abs(self.GUI.scale_y-self.lx.get_ydata()))-1,:][0])
def update(self,x,y):
if(x!=None and y!=None):
# update the line positions
self.lx.set_ydata(y)
self.ly.set_xdata(x)
#self.ly2.set_xdata(np.abs((np.min(self.GUI.scale_x)-np.max(self.GUI.scale_x)))/2)
# updates the side plots for this curser
self.slice_y.set_xdata(np.flipud(self.GUI.data[:,np.argmin(np.abs(self.GUI.scale_x-self.ly.get_xdata()))]))
self.slice_x.set_ydata(self.GUI.data[np.shape(self.GUI.scale_y)-np.argmin(np.abs(self.GUI.scale_y-self.lx.get_ydata()))-1,:])
#replot everything
#make sure the plots are visible
self.lx.set_visible(True)
self.ly.set_visible(True)
self.slice_x.set_visible(True)
self.slice_y.set_visible(True)
#draw command for changed element
self.GUI.ax1.draw_artist(self.lx)
self.GUI.ax1.draw_artist(self.ly)
self.GUI.ax2.draw_artist(self.slice_x)
self.GUI.ax3.draw_artist(self.slice_y)
def clear(self):
self.slice_x.set_visible(False)
self.slice_y.set_visible(False)
self.lx.set_visible(False)
self.ly.set_visible(False)
"""
programm starts here
"""
# define the plot range in x and y axes and change array size
t = np.arange(0.0, 40.0, 0.015)
t2 = np.arange(0.0, 20.0, 0.01)
#create a 2d grid to create the intensity map
t_x,t_y=np.meshgrid(t,t2)
#create the intensity map
s = 10*np.sin(0.1*np.pi*(t_x))*np.sin(0.5*np.pi*t_y)+t_x+t_y
#create the Gui class
cursor = GUI_Cursor(s,t,t2,5)
plt.show()
问候Sinthoras
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