我是新手，我遇到了一个我似乎无法修复的问题。也就是说，我有两个单独的工作代码块，但如果我使用它们两个程序崩溃（返回错误代码3221225477）。
#include <conio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <time.h>
#define KEY_UP 72
#define KEY_DOWN 80
#define KEY_LEFT 75
#define KEY_RIGHT 77
#define ENTER 13
using namespace std;
struct set {
int speed=0;
bool obs=0;
} settings;
void gotoyx( int y, int x ) { //moves the console cursor
COORD coord;
coord.X = x;
coord.Y = y;
SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ), coord);
}
void setup() { //used to determine the snake's speed, expressed as delay between movement
int c = 0;
string o1=">SLOW", o2=" MEDIUM", o3=" FAST";
while(settings.speed==0)
{
c = 0;
gotoyx(c, c); //sets cursor at top-left
cout << "Please choose your speed setting:\n"<< o1 << endl << o2 << endl << o3 << endl;
switch((c=getch())) {
case KEY_UP:
if(o2.at(0)=='>'){
o1[0]='>';
o2[0]=' ';
}
else if(o3.at(0)=='>'){
o2[0]='>';
o3[0]=' ';
}
break;
case KEY_DOWN:
if(o1.at(0)=='>'){
o2[0]='>';
o1[0]=' ';
}
else if(o2.at(0)=='>'){
o3[0]='>';
o2[0]=' ';
}
break;
case ENTER:
if(o1.at(0)=='>') {
cout << "You chose SLOW.\n";
settings.speed=160;
}
else if(o2.at(0)=='>') {
cout << "You chose MEDIUM.\n";
settings.speed=120;
}
else {
cout << "You chose FAST.\n";
settings.speed=80;
}
settings.obs=1;
cout << "Press a key to continue.";
getch();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
void draw_border() {
for(int i=0; i<80; i++){ //80 fills screen vertically - TOP
cout<<"#";
}
for(int i=0; i<23; i++){ //25 fills screen horizontally (2 used for top and bottom)
cout<<"#";
for(int i=0; i<78; i++){
cout<<" ";
}
cout<<"#";
}
for(int i=0; i<80; i++){ //80 fills screen vertically - BOTTOM
cout<<"#";
}
}
void ShowConsoleCursor(bool showFlag) { //blinking-underscore-with-console
HANDLE out = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(out, &cursorInfo);
cursorInfo.bVisible = showFlag; // set the cursor visibility
SetConsoleCursorInfo(out, &cursorInfo);
}
int keypad(int out){ //reads arrow keys during game
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) & 0x8000 && out!=1 ) { //MSB set if currently pressed
out=0; //if nothing is pressed it returns
} //the last pressed button
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) & 0x8000 && out!=0) {
out=1;
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) & 0x8000 && out!=3) {
out=2;
}
else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) & 0x8000 && out!=2) {
out=3;
}
return out;
}
int main() {
ShowConsoleCursor(false); //disable blinking console cursor
setup();
int tmp=0, cntr_g=0, cntr_o=0;
system("cls"); //clear screen after inital setup
draw_border();
gotoyx(tmp, tmp); //using cursor to scroll to console top
vector<vector<int>> snake_pos; //tracks snake location
snake_pos.emplace(snake_pos.begin(), std::initializer_list<int>{13,40});
int y = snake_pos[0][0]; //Y coordinate of snake head
int x = snake_pos[0][1]; //X coordinate of snake head
gotoyx(y, x);
cout<<"*";
int key, boost_y, boost_x, obstacle_y, obstacle_x;
bool b_flag=0;
vector<vector<int>> boost (1, vector<int>(2, 0));
vector<vector<int>> obstacle (1, vector<int>(2, 0));
while(1){
key=keypad(key);
if (key==0) {
snake_pos.emplace(snake_pos.begin(), std::initializer_list<int> {y-1, x});
}
else if (key==1) {
snake_pos.emplace(snake_pos.begin(), std::initializer_list<int> {y+1, x});
}
else if (key==2) {
snake_pos.emplace(snake_pos.begin(), std::initializer_list<int> {y, x-1});
}
else if (key==3) {
snake_pos.emplace(snake_pos.begin(), std::initializer_list<int> {y, x+1});
}
y = snake_pos[0][0]; x = snake_pos[0][1]; //updating snake head coordinates
if (y==0 | y==24 | x==0 | x==80 ) { //checking whether player hit wall
return 0;
}
for (tmp=1; tmp!=snake_pos.size()-1; ++tmp) { //checking whether player hit self
if (y==snake_pos[tmp][0] && x==snake_pos[tmp][1]) {
return 0;
}
}
//check if obstacle was hit [not here yet]
++cntr_g; //generating growth boost block
if (cntr_g==settings.speed/5) {
label_growth:
srand(time(NULL));
boost_x=(rand()%78)+1;
boost_y=(rand()%23)+1;
for (tmp=0; tmp!=snake_pos.size()-1; ++tmp) {
if (boost_y==snake_pos[tmp][0] && boost_x==snake_pos[tmp][1]) {
goto label_growth;
}
}
gotoyx(boost_y, boost_x); cout<<"O";
boost.emplace_back(std::initializer_list<int> {boost_y, boost_x});
cntr_g=0;
}
/*
++cntr_o; //generating obstacle block
if ((cntr_o==settings.speed/4) && (settings.obs==1)) { //also check if obs enabled
label_obstacle:
srand(time(NULL));
obstacle_x=(rand()%78)+1;
obstacle_y=(rand()%23)+1;
for (tmp=0; tmp!=snake_pos.size()-1; ++tmp) { //check overlap with snake
if (obstacle_y==snake_pos[tmp][0] && obstacle_x==snake_pos[tmp][1]) {
goto label_obstacle;
}
}
for (tmp=0; tmp!=boost.size()-1; ++tmp) { //check overlap with boosts
if (obstacle_y==boost[tmp][0] && obstacle_x==boost[tmp][1]) {
goto label_obstacle;
}
}
gotoyx(obstacle_y, obstacle_x); cout<<"X";
obstacle.emplace_back(std::initializer_list<int> {obstacle_y, obstacle_x});
cntr_o=0;
}*/
gotoyx(y, x); cout<<"*"; b_flag=0; //updating graphics for new snake
for (tmp=0; tmp!=boost.size()-1; ++tmp) {
if (y==boost[tmp][0] && x==boost[tmp][1]) {
boost.erase(boost.begin()+tmp);
b_flag=1;
break;
}
}
if (b_flag==0){ //if snake didn't grow, last block stays
gotoyx(snake_pos.back()[0], snake_pos.back()[1]); cout<<" ";
snake_pos.pop_back();
}
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(settings.speed));
}
return 0;
}
即，问题在于增长块部分的if语句和障碍块部分。当其中一个程序被注释掉时，程序（游戏）按预期工作，但如果它们都被留下则不会。事实上，即使只是离开cntr_o++;而没有以下if语句也足以崩溃它
答案 0 :(得分：0)
编译器是变化无常的东西。您的代码可能不正确，但仍然没有因为编译器布局内存的偶然方式而崩溃。这是“未定义行为”的结果。未定义的行为可能导致程序崩溃，但也可能没有可观察到的影响。
虽然您的代码对于随意调试来说有点过于混乱，但您可能会发现调试器可能有所帮助。 如果你能够使用clang，我建议添加-Wall -Wextra和-fsanitize = address -fsanitize = undefined来捕捉一些更简单的问题。