Apk只能在android studio中以调试模式运行，并且在通过手机上的应用程序安装时，无法安装或在应用程序打开时立即崩溃

Question

我已经构建了一个应用程序，它在手机的调试模式下正常运行，但是当从外部安装.apk时，要么说没有安装，要么经常在某些安装中，并且一旦打开就崩溃了。 我尝试了所有版本修复程序。

android manifest：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@drawable/launch"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:roundIcon="@drawable/launch"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">
    <activity android:name=".Launcher">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
    <activity
        android:name=".LoginActivity"
        android:label="@string/title_activity_login"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar" />
    <activity
        android:name=".LoginViaFb"
        android:label="@string/title_activity_login_via_fb"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar" />
    <!--
         The API key for Google Maps-based APIs is defined as a string resource.
         (See the file "res/values/google_maps_api.xml").
         Note that the API key is linked to the encryption key used to sign the APK.
         You need a different API key for each encryption key, including the release key that is used to
         sign the APK for publishing.
         You can define the keys for the debug and release targets in src/debug/ and src/release/.
    -->
    <meta-data
        android:name="com.google.android.geo.API_KEY"
        android:value="@string/google_maps_key" />

    <activity
        android:name=".MapsActivity"
        android:label="@string/title_activity_maps" />
    <activity
        android:name=".Dashboard"
        android:label="@string/title_activity_dashboard"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar"></activity>
</application>