假设我有一个类型T
,我想检测它是否有一个下标运算符,我可以用另一种类型Index
调用它。以下示例运行正常:
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>
template < typename T, typename Index >
using subscript_t = decltype(std::declval<T>()[std::declval<Index>()]);
int main()
{
using a = subscript_t< std::vector<int>, size_t >;
using b = subscript_t< std::vector<int>, int >;
}
然而,当且仅当函数签名完全匹配时,我希望检测函数。在上面的示例中,我希望语句subscript_t< std::vector<int>, int >;
抛出类似no viable overloaded operator[]
的错误,因为std::vector
的下标运算符的签名是
std::vector<T, std::allocator<T>>::operator[](size_type pos);
GCC中的size_type
为unsigned long
。如何避免从int
到size_t
的隐式转换?
答案 0 :(得分:5)
使用is_detected
,您可以:
template <typename T, typename Ret, typename Index>
using subscript_t = std::integral_constant<Ret (T::*) (Index), & T::operator[]>;
template <typename T, typename Ret, typename Index>
using has_subscript = is_detected<subscript_t, T, Ret, Index>;
static_assert(has_subscript<std::vector<int>, int&, std::size_t>::value, "!");
static_assert(!has_subscript<std::vector<int>, int&, int>::value, "!");
我在SO文档中写道:
is_detected
概括type_trait创建:基于SFINAE
有实验特征detected_or
,detected_t
,is_detected
。
使用模板参数typename Default
,template <typename...> Op
和typename ... Args
:
is_detected
:std::true_type
或std::false_type
的别名,具体取决于Op<Args...>
的有效性detected_t
:Op<Args...>
或nonesuch
的别名取决于Op<Args...>
的有效性。detected_or
:value_t
为is_detected
的结构的别名,type
为Op<Args...>
或Default
,具体取决于有效性Op<Args...>
可以使用std::void_t
为SFINAE实施,如下所示:
namespace detail {
template <class Default, class AlwaysVoid,
template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
struct detector
{
using value_t = std::false_type;
using type = Default;
};
template <class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
struct detector<Default, std::void_t<Op<Args...>>, Op, Args...>
{
using value_t = std::true_type;
using type = Op<Args...>;
};
} // namespace detail
// special type to indicate detection failure
struct nonesuch {
nonesuch() = delete;
~nonesuch() = delete;
nonesuch(nonesuch const&) = delete;
void operator=(nonesuch const&) = delete;
};
template <template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
using is_detected =
typename detail::detector<nonesuch, void, Op, Args...>::value_t;
template <template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
using detected_t = typename detail::detector<nonesuch, void, Op, Args...>::type;
template <class Default, template<class...> class Op, class... Args>
using detected_or = detail::detector<Default, void, Op, Args...>;
然后可以简单地实现检测方法存在的特征:
template <typename T, typename ...Ts>
using foo_type = decltype(std::declval<T>().foo(std::declval<Ts>()...));
struct C1 {};
struct C2 {
int foo(char) const;
};
template <typename T>
using has_foo_char = is_detected<foo_type, T, char>;
static_assert(!has_foo_char<C1>::value, "Unexpected");
static_assert(has_foo_char<C2>::value, "Unexpected");
static_assert(std::is_same<int, detected_t<foo_type, C2, char>>::value,
"Unexpected");
static_assert(std::is_same<void, // Default
detected_or<void, foo_type, C1, char>>::value,
"Unexpected");
static_assert(std::is_same<int, detected_or<void, foo_type, C2, char>>::value,
"Unexpected");
答案 1 :(得分:1)
你可以这样做:
template <typename Index, typename ClassType, typename ReturnType>
constexpr bool arg_t(ReturnType (ClassType::*)(Index))
{
return true;
}
template <typename T, typename Index>
struct subscript_t
{
static_assert(arg_t<Index>(&T::operator[]));
};
请注意,您需要实例化subscript_t
,而不仅仅是为其类型命名:
int main()
{
subscript_t< std::vector<int>, size_t > a;
subscript_t< std::vector<int>, int > b;
}
另一种方法,可让您确定确切的错误消息:
template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename ArgType>
constexpr ArgType arg_t(ReturnType (ClassType::*)(ArgType))
{
return {};
}
template <typename T, typename Index>
struct subscript_t
{
using Actual = decltype(arg_t(&T::operator[]));
static_assert(std::is_same<Index, Actual>::value, "oops");
};