在Haskell(GHC)中,如何获得下面显示的函数列表的类型签名?
[tail,init,reverse]
我尝试使用typeOf
模块的Data.Typeable
功能失败了。具体来说,我尝试运行以下Haskell脚本:
import Data.Typeable
import Test.HUnit
myTest = TestCase
( assertEqual "\n\nShould have been \"[[a] -> [a]]\""
"[[a] -> [a]]"
(show ( typeOf [tail,init,reverse] )) )
tests = TestList [ (TestLabel "myTest" myTest) ]
但是,GHC会回应以下错误:
C:\>ghci my_script.hs
GHCi, version 8.0.2: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( my_script.hs, interpreted )
my_script.hs:7:21: error:
* No instance for (Typeable a0) arising from a use of `typeOf'
* In the first argument of `show', namely
`(typeOf [tail, init, reverse])'
In the third argument of `assertEqual', namely
`(show (typeOf [tail, init, reverse]))'
In the first argument of `TestCase', namely
`(assertEqual
"\n\
\\n\
\Should have been \"[[a] -> [a]]\""
"[[a] -> [a]]"
(show (typeOf [tail, init, reverse])))'
Failed, modules loaded: none.
Prelude>
更新:以下的HUnit测试用例并不是我想要的,但我确实通过了(基于David Young的建议)。此测试用例至少会强制编译器确认[tail,init,reverse]
的类型为[ [a] -> [a] ]
。
import Data.Typeable
import Test.HUnit
myTest = TestCase
( assertEqual "\n\nShould have been 3"
3
( length ( [tail,init,reverse] :: [[a]->[a]] ) ) )
tests = TestList [ (TestLabel "myTest" myTest) ]
C:\>my_script.hs
GHCi, version 8.0.2: http://www.haskell.org/ghc/ :? for help
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( my_script.hs, interpreted )
Ok, modules loaded: Main.
*Main> runTestTT tests
Cases: 1 Tried: 1 Errors: 0 Failures: 0
答案 0 :(得分:6)
您不需要进行单元测试来检查功能的类型。在编译代码之后运行单元测试,它是动态测试。但是,类型检查是一种静态测试:在编译程序期间测试所有类型。因此,我们可以将GHC用作最小静态类型检查器,并将您的程序减少到:
main :: IO ()
main = return ()
where
tailInitReverseAreListFunctions :: [[a] -> [a]]
tailInitReverseAreListFunctions = [tail, init, reverse]
当您使用真实数据实际测试您的功能时,您甚至不再需要该测试,因为该应用程序也将(静态地)测试该功能的类型。 / p>
请记住,Haskell是一种静态类型语言。在编译期间检查类型,在运行代码之前。因此,任何类型检查单元测试或多或少都是代码味道,因为它只能通过。