Question

场景：我在 Windows Server 2012r2 上使用PowerShell生成Root证书，并希望使用它来在动态生成（和销毁）的开发/测试环境中签署新创建的中级和Web证书。脚本是远程部署的，目的是尽可能保持纯PowerShell。在Windows 10/2016中，生成根证书后相对容易：

$Cert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -Signer $Root -Subject "CN=$Subject"

我使用COM X509Enrollment.CX509CertificateRequestCertificate和Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2在我已经有一段时间的惯性PS中生成了Root证书，主要是因为我需要确保主题和用法设置得非常好特别。我不太确定如何使用它来签署没有上述标准的证书（我之前使用过）。

在C＃中有一些使用Bouncy Castle（见下文）的例子我可以绑定到PowerShell，但是我需要在动态dev / test环境中另外部署它，我希望能够在Powershell中执行此操作（通过COM，如果需要）具有最少的依赖关系。

Answer 1

在我的案例中，避免使用makecert和openssl的最终解决方案是使用Powershell和BouncyCastle。我用RLipscombe从PSBouncyCastle分叉了PSBouncyCastle仓库并推送了1.8.1 Bouncy Castle。我的分叉版本是我用于脚本的版本，fork位于Forked: PSBouncyCastle.New。

然后我使用StackOverflow: C# Generate Certificates on the Fly作为灵感来编写下面的powershell，我将把它添加到我的GitHub并进行评论，我会尽快修改：< / p>

Import-Module -Name PSBouncyCastle.New

function New-SelfSignedCertificate {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [string]$SubjectName,
    [string]$FriendlyName = "New Certificate",
    [object]$Issuer,
    [bool]$IsCA = $false,
    [int]$KeyStrength = 2048,
    [int]$ValidYears = 2,
    [hashtable]$EKU = @{}
  )

  # Needed generators
  $random = New-SecureRandom
  $certificateGenerator = New-CertificateGenerator

  if($Issuer -ne $null -and $Issuer.HasPrivateKey -eq $true)
  {
    $IssuerName = $Issuer.IssuerName.Name
    $IssuerPrivateKey = $Issuer.PrivateKey
  }
  # Create and set a random certificate serial number
  $serial = New-SerialNumber -Random $random
  $certificateGenerator.SetSerialNumber($serial)

  # The signature algorithm
  $certificateGenerator.SetSignatureAlgorithm('SHA256WithRSA')

  # Basic Constraints - certificate is allowed to be used as intermediate.
  # Powershell requires either a $null or reassignment or it will return this from the function
  $certificateGenerator = Add-BasicConstraints -isCertificateAuthority $IsCA -certificateGenerator $certificateGenerator

  # Key Usage
  if($EKU.Count -gt 0) 
  {
    $certificateGenerator = $certificateGenerator | Add-ExtendedKeyUsage @EKU
  }
  # Create and set the Issuer and Subject name
  $subjectDN = New-X509Name -Name ($SubjectName)
  if($Issuer -ne $null) {
    $IssuerDN = New-X509Name -Name ($IssuerName)
  }
  else 
  {
    $IssuerDN = New-X509Name -Name ($SubjectName)
  }  
  $certificateGenerator.SetSubjectDN($subjectDN)
  $certificateGenerator.SetIssuerDN($IssuerDN)

  # Authority Key and Subject Identifier
  if($Issuer -ne $null)
  {
    $IssuerKeyPair = ConvertTo-BouncyCastleKeyPair -PrivateKey $IssuerPrivateKey
    $IssuerSerial = [Org.BouncyCastle.Math.BigInteger]$Issuer.GetSerialNumber()
    $authorityKeyIdentifier = New-AuthorityKeyIdentifier -name $Issuer.IssuerName.Name -publicKey $IssuerKeyPair.Public -serialNumber $IssuerSerial
    $certificateGenerator = Add-AuthorityKeyIdentifier -certificateGenerator $certificateGenerator -authorityKeyIdentifier $authorityKeyIdentifier
  }

  # Validity range of the certificate
  [DateTime]$notBefore = (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)
  if($ValidYears -gt 0) {
    [DateTime]$notAfter = $notBefore.AddYears($ValidYears)
  }
  $certificateGenerator.SetNotBefore($notBefore)
  $certificateGenerator.SetNotAfter($notAfter)


  # Subject public key ~and private
  $subjectKeyPair = New-KeyPair -Strength $keyStrength -Random $random
  if($IssuerPrivateKey -ne $null)
  {
    $IssuerKeyPair = [Org.BouncyCastle.Security.DotNetUtilities]::GetKeyPair($IssuerPrivateKey)
  }
  else 
  {
    $IssuerKeyPair = $subjectKeyPair
  }
  $certificateGenerator.SetPublicKey($subjectKeyPair.Public)

  # Create the Certificate
  $IssuerKeyPair = $subjectKeyPair
  $certificate = $certificateGenerator.Generate($IssuerKeyPair.Private, $random)
  # At this point you have the certificate and need to convert it and export, I return the private key for signing the next cert
  $pfxCertificate = ConvertFrom-BouncyCastleCertificate -certificate $certificate -subjectKeyPair $subjectKeyPair -friendlyName $FriendlyName
  return $pfxCertificate
}

这个powershell的一些使用示例是：

生成根CA

$TestRootCA = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestRootCA" -IsCA $true
Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx

生成标准自签名

$TestSS = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestLocal"
Export-Certificate -Certificate $TestSS -OutputFile "TestLocal.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx

生成证书，使用根证书签名

$TestRootCA = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestRootCA" -IsCA $true
$TestSigned = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestSignedByRoot" -issuer $TestRootCA

Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx
Export-Certificate -Certificate $test -OutputFile "TestRootCA.pfx" -X509ContentType Pfx

生成具有特定用途的自签名

$TestServerCert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -subjectName "CN=TestServerCert" -EKU @{ "ServerAuthentication" = $true }

请注意，-EKU参数通过splatting接受，它执行此操作以确保有效传递添加到Add-ExtendedKeyUsage的任何内容。它接受以下证书用法：

的DigitalSignature
不可否认性
KeyEncipherment
DataEncipherment
协议密钥
KeyCertSign
CrlSign
EncipherOnly
DecipherOnly

这符合我的需要，似乎适用于我们用于动态环境的所有Windows平台。

Answer 2

“Itiverba自签名证书生成器”（http://www.itiverba.com/en/software/itisscg.php）是一个免费的Windows GUI工具，允许您创建自己的CA证书并使用它签署最终证书。您可以导出PEM，CER，DER，PFX文件格式的证书。

编码只需3行：
主题：CN =“Testcorp - 私有CA”
基本约束：V（已选中）
基本约束/主题类型：CA

提供文件名并选择文件格式，然后单击“创建证书”按钮。您的自定义CA证书已完成。

Answer 3

简单地做到这一点呢？

$cert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -FriendlyName "MyCA"
      -KeyExportPolicy ExportableEncrypted 
      -Provider "Microsoft Strong Cryptographic Provider" 
      -Subject "SN=TestRootCA" -NotAfter (Get-Date).AddYears($ExpiryInYears) 
      -CertStoreLocation Cert:\LocalMachine\My -KeyUsageProperty All 
      -KeyUsage CertSign, CRLSign, DigitalSignature

重要的参数是-KeyUsageProperty和-KeyUsage。

使用根CA签名者生成自签名证书

3 个答案: