这与我之前提出的问题相同,但解决了另一个问题。基本上我正在尝试创建一个有两个线程的银行账户,每个线程代表一个帐户的用户。用户将从账户中存入和取出20美元(随机)。
然而,这两个线程并行运行,撤销/存款同时发生。我试图限制两个线程,以便在执行其之前等待另一个线程完成自己的运行方法。
下面列出的是代码。
线程创建类
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class BankAccount extends Thread{
public static double balance = 1000;
public String threadName;
BankAccount(String name){
threadName = name;
}
public void run(){
System.out.println(threadName + "account initiated.");
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
try{
Random rand = new Random();
int num = rand.nextInt(2) + 1;
if(num == 1){
Thread.sleep(200); //0.2 seconds to deposit
System.out.println(threadName + " is depositing 20$ in the bank.");
balance += 20;
System.out.println("The new balance is " + balance + "dollars" );
}
else{
Thread.sleep(500); //half a second to withdraw
System.out.println(threadName + " is withdrawing 20$ from the bank.");
balance -= 20;
System.out.println("The new balance is " + balance + "dollars.");
}
}
catch(InterruptedException e){
System.out.println("Process terminated.");
}
}
}
}
线程驱动程序类
public class BankAccountSimDriver {
public static void main(String[] args){
Thread user1 = new BankAccountSIm("user1");
Thread user2 = new BankAccountSIm("user2");
user1.start();
user2.start();
}
}
目前的输出:
user1 initiated.
user2 initiated.
user1 is depositing 20$ in the bank.
user2 is depositing 20$ in the bank.
The new balance is 1020.0 dollars
The new balance is 1040.0 dollars
user2 is depositing 20$ in the bank.
The new balance is 1060.0 dollars
user1 is withdrawing 20$ from the bank.
The new balance is 1040.0 dollars.
目前,user1和user2同时运行。我想编辑代码,以便一次只能有一个用户存款/取款(由睡眠()时间分隔表示)
所以理想的输出:
user1 initiated.
//wait 0.2 seconds
user1 is depositing 20$ in the bank.
The new balance is 1020.0 dollars
user2 initiated.
//wait 0.2 seconds
user2 is depositing 20$ in the bank.
The new balance is 1040.0 dollars
//wait 0.5 seconds
user1 is withdrawing 20$ from the bank.
The new balance is 1020.0 dollars.
...
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您需要的是管理balance
的并发访问,而不是序列化线程,至少需要序列化对balance
的访问。有很多方法可以解决它。基本上,你需要一个 lock ,只允许一个线程修改balance
,另一个被阻塞,直到另一个释放锁。
首先,您需要将BanckAccount
与其用户分开。
class BankAccount { ... }
class User implements Runnable {
private BankAccount account;
public User(BankAccount account) {
this.account = account;
}
public void run() {
// do something...
}
}
class Test {
public static void main(String []a) {
// One account
BankAccount a = new BankAccount();
// Shared by 2 users
User user1 = new User(a);
User user2 = new User(a);
// Make users behave concurrently
Thread t1 = new Thread(user1);
Thread t2 = new Thread(user2);
t1.start();
t2.start();
// Wait 'til the end of the users activity
t1.join();
t2.join();
}
}
现在如何管理用户对同一银行帐户的并发访问?您可以通过BankAccount
方法BankAccount
使用synchronized
对象作为隐式锁定:
class BankAccount {
private int balance;
public BankAccount(int initialBalance) {
balance = initialBalance;
}
public synchronized int deposit(int amount) {
balance += amount;
return balance;
}
public synchronized int withdraw(int amount) {
balance -= amount;
return balance;
}
}
这样做可以确保在标记为synchronized
的方法中不能同时存在两个线程,因此没有两个线程可以同时修改余额。
但是......(并发导致细微问题)......每个线程都可能使用balance
的缓存副本,因此通常更适合将该字段标记为volatile
:
private volatile int balance;
请注意,在这种简单的情况下,某些事情可能会被简化,但我试图向您展示有哪些问题以及如何解决这些问题。还要注意,即使这段代码也可能导致奇怪的输出,但保证是平衡是正确的(现在就挖掘并发性)。