Question

版本1：

 func longTask(for myData:Data){

     let tick = Date() // startTime

     let fileDataLength = myData.count
     let count = 0

     while count < fileDataLength{

        //task 1
        task1Result = task1()

        //task 2
        task2Result = task2(task1Result)

        //task 3
        task3 result = task3(task1Result)

        count = count + incrementCount

     }
    NSLog("%f",tick.timeInterverSinceNow) // print out -0.06
  }

第2版：

func longTask(for myData: Data ){

     let fileDataLength = myData.count

     let count = 0

     let testQueue = OperationQueue()

     while count < fileDataLength{

        //task 1
        task1Result = task1()
        {
           // store all needed value
           let name:String = task1Result.mane
           ...
           testQueue.addOperation{ // do in other thread

              //task 2
              task2Result = task2(name:name , ...)

             //task 3
             task3 result = task3(....)
           }
        }()
        count = count + incrementCount

     }
    testQueue.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()        
    NSLog("%f",tick.timeInterverSinceNow) // print out -0.5

}

在版本2中，我想象如果 longTask 由线程A运行，则将任务2和3移动到线程B ，而循环将执行下一步 task1（）线程A中的，而线程B运行task2（）和task3（）。这将减少执行时间，但版本2比版本1慢大约10倍。我在这里失踪了什么？

Answer 1

您的策略似乎没问题，但我们对您的真实代码一无所知。在你的游乐场试试这个

import PlaygroundSupport
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true

import Foundation

let q = OperationQueue()
let start = Date()
print("start at", start)

let n = 4
var gs = [Int]()

for j in 0..<n {
    gs.append(0)

    //q.addOperation {
        var s = 0
        for i in 0..<1000 {
            s += i
        }
        gs[j] = s
        let t = Date()
        OperationQueue.main.addOperation {
            let pt = Date()
            print(s, j, "calculated:", t.timeIntervalSince(start), "printed:", pt.timeIntervalSince(start))
        }
    //}
}

q.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()
print(gs, "GRANT TOTALL:", gs.reduce(0, +), "finished in", Date().timeIntervalSince(start), "seconds\n")

在我自己的环境中

处理器名称：Intel Core i5
处理器速度：2,6 GHz
处理器数量：1
核心总数：2
L2缓存（每个核心）：256 KB L3缓存：3 MB
内存：16 GB

打印

start at 2017-04-24 11:47:03 +0000
[499500, 499500, 499500, 499500] GRANT TOTALL: 1998000 finished in 0.327317953109741 seconds

499500 0 calculated: 0.0641489624977112 printed: 0.419835984706879
499500 1 calculated: 0.130355000495911 printed: 0.420383989810944
499500 2 calculated: 0.230241000652313 printed: 0.420827984809875
499500 3 calculated: 0.326637983322144 printed: 0.421335995197296

但在OperationQueue的帮助下

import PlaygroundSupport
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true

import Foundation

let q = OperationQueue()
let start = Date()
print("start at", start)

let n = 4
var gs = [Int]()

for j in 0..<n {
    gs.append(0)

    q.addOperation {
        var s = 0
        for i in 0..<1000 {
            s += i
        }
        gs[j] = s
        let t = Date()
        OperationQueue.main.addOperation {
            let pt = Date()
            print(s, j, "calculated:", t.timeIntervalSince(start), "printed:", pt.timeIntervalSince(start))
        }
    }
}

q.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()
print(gs, "GRANT TOTALL:", gs.reduce(0, +), "finished in", Date().timeIntervalSince(start), "seconds\n")

打印

start at 2017-04-24 11:58:45 +0000
[499500, 499500, 499500, 499500] GRANT TOTALL: 1998000 finished in 0.186473965644836 seconds

499500 0 calculated: 0.0701659917831421 printed: 0.388468980789185
499500 1 calculated: 0.131179988384247 printed: 0.389105975627899
499500 2 calculated: 0.165158987045288 printed: 0.389568984508514
499500 3 calculated: 0.18574994802475 printed: 0.389993965625763

正如所料，代码运行得更快

gs数组怎么样？它是线程安全吗？没有！！所以最后我们需要添加一些同步，即使在我们非常简单的例子中似乎不需要...

import PlaygroundSupport
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true

import Foundation

let q = OperationQueue()
let start = Date()
print("start at", start)

let n = 4
var gs = [Int]()
let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "MyArrayQueue", attributes: .concurrent)

for j in 0..<n {
    queue.async(flags: .barrier) {
        gs.append(0)
    }

    q.addOperation {
        var s = 0
        for i in 0..<1000 {
            s += i
        }
        queue.async(flags: .barrier) {
            gs[j] = s
        }

        let t = Date()
        OperationQueue.main.addOperation {
            let pt = Date()
            print(s, j, "calculated:", t.timeIntervalSince(start), "printed:", pt.timeIntervalSince(start))
        }
    }
}

q.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()
var mgs:[Int] = []
queue.sync {
    mgs = gs
}
print(mgs, "GRANT TOTALL:", mgs.reduce(0, +), "finished in", Date().timeIntervalSince(start), "seconds\n")

最终结果

start at 2017-04-24 14:38:12 +0000
[499500, 499500, 499500, 499500] GRANT TOTALL: 1998000 finished in 0.164229989051819 seconds

499500 0 calculated: 0.0660730004310608 printed: 0.324115991592407
499500 1 calculated: 0.0995810031890869 printed: 0.324918031692505
499500 2 calculated: 0.126493990421295 printed: 0.325313985347748
499500 3 calculated: 0.162481009960175 printed: 0.32580304145813

将任务划分为OperationQueue比一次运行一次慢

1 个答案: