Apache无法正确加载virtualenv：＆＃34; ImportError：没有名为＆＃39; psycopg2._psycopg＆＃39;＆＃34;

时间：2017-03-04 15:20:52

标签： django apache python-3.x ubuntu-14.04 virtualenv

我将我的Django项目从Python 2.7移到了Python 3.6。

从那以后，我无法完成我的项目。运行，因为Apache抱怨如下（重启后的完整输出）：

compile 'commons-io:commons-io:2.4'

但是当我尝试手动加载virtualenv中的问题模块（psycopg2）时，完全可以这样做：

[mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 2340] AH00173: SIGHUP received.  Attempting to restart
[:notice] [pid 25019] FastCGI: process manager initialized (pid 25019)
[:warn] [pid 2340] mod_wsgi: Compiled for Python/3.4.0.
[:warn] [pid 2340] mod_wsgi: Runtime using Python/3.4.3.
[mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 2340] AH00163: Apache/2.4.7 (Ubuntu) mod_fastcgi/mod_fastcgi-SNAP-0910052141 PHP/5.5.9-1ubuntu4.21 OpenSSL/1.0.1f mod_wsgi/3.4 Python/3.4.3 configured -- resuming normal operations
[core:notice] [pid 2340] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/apache2'
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933] mod_wsgi (pid=25025): Target WSGI script '/home/myuser/projects/myproject/myproject_project/wsgi.py' cannot be loaded as Python module.
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933] mod_wsgi (pid=25025): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/myuser/projects/myproject/myproject_project/wsgi.py'.
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933] Traceback (most recent call last):
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/home/myuser/projects/myproject/myproject_project/wsgi.py", line 29, in <module>
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     application = get_wsgi_application()
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 13, in get_wsgi_application
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     django.setup(set_prefix=False)
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 27, in setup
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 85, in populate
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 116, in create
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     mod = import_module(mod_path)
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2226, in _find_and_load_unlocked
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1471, in exec_module
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/postgres/apps.py", line 7, in <module>
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     from .signals import register_hstore_handler
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/postgres/signals.py", line 1, in <module>
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     from psycopg2 import ProgrammingError
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]   File "/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/__init__.py", line 50, in <module>
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933]     from psycopg2._psycopg import (                     # noqa
[:error] [pid 25025] [client 10.0.10.117:49933] ImportError: No module named 'psycopg2._psycopg'

我正在使用WSGI。其文件内容如下：

(myproject-3.6)myuser@Server:$ python
Python 3.6.0 (default, Jan 13 2017, 00:00:00)
[GCC 4.8.4] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import psycopg2
>>>

我的主要Apache2站点配置如下（还有一个admin /部分）：

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "my_project.settings")
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

我已通过WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL} WSGIScriptAlias / /home/myuser/projects/myproject/myproject_project/wsgi.py #WSGIPythonPath /home/myuser/projects/myproject:/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages WSGIPythonPath /home/myuser/projects/myproject:/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages <Directory /home/myuser/projects/myproject/myproject_project> SSLRequireSSL <Files wsgi.py> Order deny,allow Require all granted </Files> </Directory> 安装了python3-psycopg2个软件包。当然我的virtualenv也安装了psycopg2：

apt-get

出了什么问题？

我使用的是Ubuntu 14.04 LTS。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

我在Debian 8机器上使用Python 3.6，Apache2.4和WSGI运行我的Django 1.11应用程序时遇到了同样的问题。

问题是libapache2-mod-wsgi-py针对apache2和python的特定版本进行了编译，并且与不同的python版本不兼容。 当然，

  • libapache2-mod-wsgi-py用于python 2.7，
  • libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 ---对于python3，

但是小的python版本也很重要。

我们来看看。在@SaeX堆栈跟踪中，大多数行是关于 Python 3.6 venv的

...
File "/home/myuser/.virtualenvs/myproject-3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 116, in create
...

但是有一行 Python 3.4 调用

...
File "/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
...

我认为在他的操作系统存储库中（当时），python3提供的最新apt-get install python3版本为3.4.n，而apt-get install libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3的结果为mod_wsgi为Python 3.4编译。这就是原因。

在我的情况下，我首先在堆栈跟踪中找到了python2.7 

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module'

这意味着我尝试使用libapache2-mod-wsgi-py代替libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3。但是当我安装libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3时，我在堆栈跟踪中得到python3.5 

File "/usr/lib/python3.5/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module'

我已经用两种方式解决了这个问题，对我来说都没问题：

  1. 使用操作系统软件包存储库中的最新python3版本;
  2. 为mod-wsgi
    3. 构建python3.6

    <强> 1。最新系统Python 3

    @SaeX使用这种方式：

      

    感谢;将我的venv降级为Python 3.4修复了问题

    在您的情况下，最新的Python 3版本可能会有所不同。

    apt-get update
apt-get install python3 python3-venv

# check python3 version
python3 -V
# >>> Python 3.5.4 is for my Debian 8 in September 2017

# setting virtual environment for WSGI
python3 -m venv /home/pyvenv_354
source /home/pyvenv_354/bin/activate
# check venv and get path for WSGI
(pyvenv_354) python -c 'import sys; print(sys.prefix)'
# >>> /home/pyvenv_354

# mod_wsgi from repo must be compatible
apt install libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3

    现在可以在python3.5

    中使用此apache2 venv 
    # sites-available/mysite.conf
...
Define WWW_ROOT /var/www/mysite/mysite
...
Define PYTHON_VENV_HOME /home/pyvenv_354
Define PYTHON_VENV_PACKAGES ${PYTHON_VENV_HOME}/lib/python3.5/site-packages
WSGIDaemonProcess mysite processes=2 python-path=${WWW_ROOT}:${PYTHON_VENV_PACKAGES}
WSGIProcessGroup mysite
WSGIScriptAlias / ${MAIN_APP_PATH}/wsgi.py

    最后使用您喜欢的方式重启Apache2，例如

    service apache2 restart

    <强> 2。为Python 3.6构建mod_wsgi

    我用mod_wsgi quick installation guide来执行它。 注意： apache2-dev和python-dev个套餐是必需的。

    apt-get install python3.6 python3.6-dev apache2-dev
# checking Python version
python3.6 -V
# >>> 3.6.2

# set virtual environment
python3.6 -m venv /home/pyvenv_362

# download mod_wsgi sources from https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi/releases
# x, y, z --- version, select using link above
cd /usr/src/
wget https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi/archive/x.y.z.tar.gz
tar xvfz x.y.z.tar.gz
cd mod_wsgi-x.y.z

# set python3.6 venv for mod_wsgi
./configure --with-python=/home/pyvenv_362/bin/python

make
make install

# >>> Libraries have been installed in:
#   /usr/lib/apache2/modules
#   mod_wsgi.so

# adding module to apache2
cat /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/wsgi.load
nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
add to httpd.conf line `LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so`

    现在可以在python3.6

    中使用apache2 venv 
    # sites-available/mysite.conf
...
Define WWW_ROOT /var/www/mysite/mysite
...
Define PYTHON_VENV_HOME /home/pyvenv_362
Define PYTHON_VENV_PACKAGES ${PYTHON_VENV_HOME}/lib/python3.6/site-packages
WSGIDaemonProcess mysite processes=2 python-path=${WWW_ROOT}:${PYTHON_VENV_PACKAGES}
WSGIProcessGroup mysite
WSGIScriptAlias / ${MAIN_APP_PATH}/wsgi.py

    最后使用您喜欢的方式重启Apache2，例如

    service apache2 restart
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