如何正确使用尾递归?

时间:2017-02-21 23:09:27

标签: recursion clojure tail-recursion

我正在尝试从https://github.com/lspector/gp/blob/master/src/gp/evolvefn_zip.clj重写这段代码 使用recur:

(defn random-code [depth]
  (if (or (zero? depth)
          (zero? (rand-int 2)))
    (random-terminal)
    (let [f (random-function)]
      (cons f (repeatedly (get function-table f)
                          #(random-code (dec depth)))))))

问题是,我完全不知道该怎么做 我唯一能想到的是这样的事情:

(defn random-code [depth]
  (loop [d depth t 0 c []]
    (if (or (zero? depth)
            (zero? (rand-int 2)))
      (if (= t 0)
        (conj c random-terminal)
        (recur depth (dec t) (conj c (random-terminal))))
      (let [f (random-function)]
        (if (= t 0)
          (recur (dec depth) (function-table f) (conj c f))
          (recur depth (dec t) (conj c f)))))))

它不是一段代码,只是为了表明我试图解决它的方式,它只会变得越来越复杂。
有没有更好的方法将正常递归转换为clojure中的尾递归?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

以下是比较递归算法和loop-recur的两个示例:

(defn fact-recursion [n]
  (if (zero? n)
    1
    (* n (fact-recursion (dec n)))))

(defn fact-recur [n]
  (loop [count  n
         result 1]
    (if (pos? count)
      (recur (dec count) (* result count))
      result )))

(fact-recursion 5) => 120
(fact-recur 5) => 120

(defn rangy-recursive [n]
  (if (pos? n)
    (cons n (rangy-recursive (dec n)))
    [n]))

(defn rangy-recur [n]
  (loop [result []
         count  n]
    (if (pos? count)
      (recur (conj result count) (dec count))
      result)))

(rangy-recursive 5) => (5 4 3 2 1 0)
(rangy-recur 5) => [5 4 3 2 1]

基本区别在于,对于loop-recur,您需要第二个循环“变量”(此处命名为result)来累积算法的输出。对于普通递归,调用堆栈会累积中间结果。