dict2items

Question

说我有这本词典

war_files:
  server1:
  - file1.war
  - file2.war
  server2:
  - file1.war
  - file2.war
  - file3.war

现在我只想循环遍历每个项目（键），然后遍历键中的每个项目（值）。我这样做了

- name: Loop over the dictionary
  debug: msg="Key={{ item.key }} value={{ item.value }}"
  with_dict: "{{ war_files }}"

我明白了。这当然是正确的，但不是我想要的。

ok: [localhost] => (item={'value': [u'file1.war', u'file2.war'], 'key': u'server1'}) => {
    "item": {
        "key": "server1", 
        "value": [
            "file1.war", 
            "file2.war"
        ]
    }, 
    "msg": "Server=server1, WAR=[u'file1.war', u'file2.war']"
}
ok: [localhost] => (item={'value': [u'file1.war', u'file2.war', u'file3.war'], 'key': u'server2'}) => {
    "item": {
        "key": "server2", 
        "value": [
            "file1.war", 
            "file2.war", 
            "file3.war"
        ]
    }, 
    "msg": "Server=server2, WAR=[u'file1.war', u'file2.war', u'file3.war']"
}

我想获得一个说

的输出

"msg": "Server=server1, WAR=file1.war"
"msg": "Server=server1, WAR=file2.war"
"msg": "Server=server2, WAR=file1.war"
"msg": "Server=server2, WAR=file2.war"
"msg": "Server=server2, WAR=file3.war"

IOW，如何编写一个任务来遍历字典，以便遍历每个密钥，然后是每个密钥中的项目？本质上，我有一个嵌套数组，想迭代它？

Answer 1

如此

- hosts: localhost
  vars:
    war_files:
      server1:
      - file1.war
      - file2.war
      server2:
      - file1.war
      - file2.war
      - file3.war
  tasks:
    - name: Loop over subelements of the dictionary
      debug:
        msg: "Key={{ item.0.key }} value={{ item.1 }}"
      loop: "{{ war_files | dict2items | subelements('value') }}"

Ansible 2.6中有

dict2items，subelements个过滤器。

仅供参考，如果您的目标的过滤器不存在，您可以在python中编写自己的过滤器，而不必诉诸jinja2 hacks。 Ansible很容易扩展;默认情况下会在您的播放/角色旁边搜索filter_plugins/*.py中的过滤器，这些过滤器会自动加入 - 有关详细信息，请参阅Developing Plugins。

Answer 2

现在Ansible允许这个

- name: add several users
  user:
    name: "{{ item.name }}"
    state: present
    groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
  with_items:
    - { name: 'testuser1', groups: 'wheel' }
    - { name: 'testuser2', groups: 'root' }

Answer 3

编辑：在撰写此答案时，Ansible 2.6并未发布。请阅读@tmoschou提供的答案，因为它要好得多。

好吧，我无法找到一种非常简单的方法，但是，通过一点点jinja2，我们可以实现这样的目标：

/tmp ❯❯❯ cat example.yml
---
- hosts: 127.0.0.1
  vars:
    war_files:
      server1:
      - file1.war
      - file2.war
      server2:
      - file1.war
      - file2.war
      - file3.war
  tasks:
  - set_fact:
      war_files_list_of_dicts: |
          {% set res = [] -%}
          {% for key in war_files.keys() -%}
             {% for value in war_files[key] -%}
              {% set ignored = res.extend([{'Server': key, 'WAR':value}]) -%}
             {%- endfor %}
          {%- endfor %}
          {{ res }}

  - name: let's debug the crap out of this
    debug: var=war_files_list_of_dicts

  - name: Servers and their WARs!!!
    debug:
       msg: "Server={{ item.Server }}, WAR={{ item.WAR }}"
    with_items: "{{ war_files_list_of_dicts }}"

并且，当剧本运行时：

/tmp ❯❯❯ ansible-playbook example.yml
 [WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available


PLAY [127.0.0.1] ***************************************************************

TASK [setup] *******************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1]

TASK [set_fact] ****************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1]

TASK [let's debug the crap out of this] ****************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => {
    "war_files_list_of_dicts": [
        {
            "Server": "server1", 
            "WAR": "file1.war"
        }, 
        {
            "Server": "server1", 
            "WAR": "file2.war"
        }, 
        {
            "Server": "server2", 
            "WAR": "file1.war"
        }, 
        {
            "Server": "server2", 
            "WAR": "file2.war"
        }, 
        {
            "Server": "server2", 
            "WAR": "file3.war"
        }
    ]
}

TASK [Servers and their WARs!!!] ***********************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => (item={'WAR': u'file1.war', 'Server': u'server1'}) => {
    "item": {
        "Server": "server1", 
        "WAR": "file1.war"
    }, 
    "msg": "Server=server1, WAR=file1.war"
}
ok: [127.0.0.1] => (item={'WAR': u'file2.war', 'Server': u'server1'}) => {
    "item": {
        "Server": "server1", 
        "WAR": "file2.war"
    }, 
    "msg": "Server=server1, WAR=file2.war"
}
ok: [127.0.0.1] => (item={'WAR': u'file1.war', 'Server': u'server2'}) => {
    "item": {
        "Server": "server2", 
        "WAR": "file1.war"
    }, 
    "msg": "Server=server2, WAR=file1.war"
}
ok: [127.0.0.1] => (item={'WAR': u'file2.war', 'Server': u'server2'}) => {
    "item": {
        "Server": "server2", 
        "WAR": "file2.war"
    }, 
    "msg": "Server=server2, WAR=file2.war"
}
ok: [127.0.0.1] => (item={'WAR': u'file3.war', 'Server': u'server2'}) => {
    "item": {
        "Server": "server2", 
        "WAR": "file3.war"
    }, 
    "msg": "Server=server2, WAR=file3.war"
}

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
127.0.0.1                  : ok=4    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

Answer 4

这是我遍历字典的首选方式：

input_data.yml包含以下内容：

----
input_data:
  item_1:
    id: 1
    info: "Info field number 1"
  item_2:
    id: 2
    info: "Info field number 2"

然后我在使用keys（）函数的剧本中使用上述数据结构，并使用with_items遍历数据：

---
- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false
  connection: local
  tasks:
    - name: Include dictionary data
      include_vars:
        file: data.yml

    - name: Show info field from data.yml
      debug:
        msg: "Id: {{ input_data[item]['id'] }} - info: {{ input_data[item]['info'] }}"
      with_items: "{{ input_data.keys() }}"

上面的剧本产生以下输出：

PLAY [localhost] ***********************************************************

TASK [Include dictionary data] *********************************************
ok: [localhost]

TASK [Show info field from data.yml] ***************************************
ok: [localhost] => (item=item_2) => {
    "msg": "Id: 2 - info: Info field item 2"
}
ok: [localhost] => (item=item_3) => {
    "msg": "Id: 3 - info: Info field item 3"
}
ok: [localhost] => (item=item_1) => {
    "msg": "Id: 1 - info: Info field item 1"
}

PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

Answer 5

dict2items

我发现自己想遍历一组异构键及其关联的值，并在任务中使用键值对。 dict2items过滤器是我发现的最痛苦的方法。您可以在Ansible 2.6中找到dict2items

示例字典

systemsetup:
  remotelogin: "On"
  timezone: "Europe/Oslo"
  usingnetworktime: "On"
  sleep: 0
  computersleep: 0
  displaysleep: 0
  harddisksleep: 0
  allowpowerbuttontosleepcomputer: "Off"
  wakeonnetworkaccess: "On"
  restartfreeze: "On"
  restartpowerfailure: "On"

示例任务

---
- debug:
    msg: "KEY: {{ item.key }}, VALUE: {{ item.value }}"
  loop: "{{ systemsetup | dict2items }}"

Answer 6

对我有用的一种方法是使用 with_dict。请注意，不应命名 dict。只是键值对。

- name: ssh config
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    regexp: '^#?\s*{{item.key}}\s'
    line: '{{item.key}} {{item.value}}'
    state: present
  with_dict: 
    LoginGraceTime: "1m"
    PermitRootLogin: "yes"
    PubkeyAuthentication: "yes"
    PasswordAuthentication: "no"
    PermitEmptyPasswords: "no"
    IgnoreRhosts: "yes"
    Protocol: 2

如何在Ansible中循环这个词典？

6 个答案:

dict2items

示例字典

示例任务