修改

Question

我使用pyinstaller创建python脚本的一个文件夹可执行文件。它启动相当慢。我的代码中的第一件事是print“start”。运行可执行文件时，屏幕上显示的时间超过10秒。我想减少这个延迟时间。我猜测降低启动所需的dll数量会有所帮助。

我注意到的一件事是matplotlib和qt5 dll正被复制到输出文件夹，即使我不打算使用它们。在我自己的代码中，我没有依赖于这些库。我的进口是：

import os
import sys
import argparse
import numpy as np
import logging
import json
from element import Square, Slanted
from skimage import measure
from skimage.segmentation import clear_border
try:
    from skimage import filters
except:
    from skimage import filter as filters

from scipy import ndimage 
from scipy.ndimage.filters import gaussian_filter, median_filter
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
from enum import Enum
import time

pyinstall输出的第一部分，直到它开始提及matplotlib，是这样的：

212 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.2.1
213 INFO: Python: 3.5.2
214 INFO: Platform: Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1
249 INFO: wrote x:\script.spec
255 INFO: UPX is not available.
308 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['x:\\', 'x:\\script']
310 INFO: checking Analysis
311 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent
312 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
346 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
352 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
6794 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
7585 INFO: Caching module hooks...
7596 INFO: Analyzing x:\script.py
10819 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   distutils
13057 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   site
13061 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'c:\\anaconda3\\envs\\myeenv\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\fake-modules'
20369 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   win32com
27275 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   six.moves
38245 INFO: Loading module hooks...
38247 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
38250 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"...
38253 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
38256 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...
38265 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pytz.py"...
38434 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"...
38832 INFO: MKL libraries found when importing numpy. Adding MKL to binaries
38837 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"...
40127 INFO: checking Tree
40129 INFO: Building Tree because out00-Tree.toc is non existent
40131 INFO: Building Tree out00-Tree.toc
40264 INFO: checking Tree
40266 INFO: Building Tree because out01-Tree.toc is non existent
40266 INFO: Building Tree out01-Tree.toc
40301 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"...
40918 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-matplotlib.py"...
43519 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-win32com.py"...

如何找出哪个库给我matplotlib / qt5依赖？还有其他方法可以改善启动时间吗？

我尝试过使用：

pyinstaller script.py --exclude-module matplotlib,qt5

但它仍然开始包括matplotlib.backends等...

修改

看来skimage.segmentation包括matplotlib ......

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "myenv\script.py", line 11, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\segmentation\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\segmentation\boundaries.py", line 5, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\morphology\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\morphology\binary.py", line 6, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\morphology\misc.py", line 5, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\morphology\selem.py", line 3, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\draw\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\draw\draw.py", line 6, in <module>
  File "c:\anaconda3\envs\myenv\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "site-packages\skimage\_shared\_geometry.py", line 4, in <module>
ImportError: No module named 'matplotlib'
Failed to execute script myenv

编辑2

小测试。使用pyinstaller创建以下脚本的一个文件夹：

import numpy as np
print(np.array([0]))

运行 6秒。今天早上我意识到我是从 samba mount 运行的，这可能会大大影响启动时间。启动本地时，相同的可执行文件 0.7秒！我仍然有兴趣降低分发的大小（> 500MB）。

Answer 1

排除模块的问题是，pyinstaller将--exclude-module的命令行参数解释为一个包，因此

pyinstaller script.py --exclude-module matplotlib,qt5

会在excludes=['matplotlib,qt5']文件中生成.spec。

要排除这两个包，需要将它们分开：

pyinstaller script.py --exclude-module matplotlib --exclude-module qt5

在pyinstaller中删除对matplotlib和qt的依赖（慢启动）

修改

编辑2

1 个答案: