我在CSV文件的列中有很多日期,我需要将其从dd / mm / yyyy转换为yyyy-mm-dd格式。例如,17/01/2010应转换为2010-01-17。
我如何在Perl或Python中执行此操作?
答案 0 :(得分:30)
如果您保证格式良好的数据只包含DD-MM-YYYY格式的单例日期,那么这就有效:
# FIRST METHOD
my $ndate = join("-" => reverse split(m[/], $date));
适用于持有“07/04/1776”的$date
,但未能执行“此17/01/2010以及那里的01/17/2010”。相反,使用:
# SECOND METHOD
($ndate = $date) =~ s{
\b
( \d \d )
/ ( \d \d )
/ ( \d {4} )
\b
}{$3-$2-$1}gx;
如果你更喜欢更“语法”的正则表达式,那么它更容易维护和更新,你可以改用它:
# THIRD METHOD
($ndate = $date) =~ s{
(?&break)
(?<DAY> (?&day) )
(?&slash) (?<MONTH> (?&month) )
(?&slash) (?<YEAR> (?&year) )
(?&break)
(?(DEFINE)
(?<break> \b )
(?<slash> / )
(?<year> \d {4} )
(?<month> \d {2} )
(?<day> \d {2} )
)
}{
join "-" => @+{qw<YEAR MONTH DAY>}
}gxe;
最后,如果您有Unicode数据,您可能需要更加小心。
# FOURTH METHOD
($ndate = $date) =~ s{
(?&break_before)
(?<DAY> (?&day) )
(?&slash) (?<MONTH> (?&month) )
(?&slash) (?<YEAR> (?&year) )
(?&break_after)
(?(DEFINE)
(?<slash> / )
(?<start> \A )
(?<finish> \z )
# don't really want to use \D or [^0-9] here:
(?<break_before>
(?<= [\pC\pP\pS\p{Space}] )
| (?<= \A )
)
(?<break_after>
(?= [\pC\pP\pS\p{Space}]
| \z
)
)
(?<digit> \d )
(?<year> (?&digit) {4} )
(?<month> (?&digit) {2} )
(?<day> (?&digit) {2} )
)
}{
join "-" => @+{qw<YEAR MONTH DAY>}
}gxe;
您可以看到这四种方法在面对如下样本输入字符串时的表现如何:
my $sample = q(17/01/2010);
my @strings = (
$sample, # trivial case
# multiple case
"this $sample and that $sample there",
# multiple case with non-ASCII BMP code points
# U+201C and U+201D are LEFT and RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
"from \x{201c}$sample\x{201d} through\xA0$sample",
# multiple case with non-ASCII code points
# from both the BMP and the SMP
# code point U+02013 is EN DASH, props \pP \p{Pd}
# code point U+10179 is GREEK YEAR SIGN, props \pS \p{So}
# code point U+110BD is KAITHI NUMBER SIGN, props \pC \p{Cf}
"\x{10179}$sample\x{2013}\x{110BD}$sample",
);
现在让$date
成为该数组的foreach
迭代器,我们得到这个输出:
Original is: 17/01/2010
First method: 2010-01-17
Second method: 2010-01-17
Third method: 2010-01-17
Fourth method: 2010-01-17
Original is: this 17/01/2010 and that 17/01/2010 there
First method: 2010 there-01-2010 and that 17-01-this 17
Second method: this 2010-01-17 and that 2010-01-17 there
Third method: this 2010-01-17 and that 2010-01-17 there
Fourth method: this 2010-01-17 and that 2010-01-17 there
Original is: from “17/01/2010” through 17/01/2010
First method: 2010-01-2010” through 17-01-from “17
Second method: from “2010-01-17” through 2010-01-17
Third method: from “2010-01-17” through 2010-01-17
Fourth method: from “2010-01-17” through 2010-01-17
Original is: 17/01/2010–17/01/2010
First method: 2010-01-2010–17-01-17
Second method: 2010-01-17–2010-01-17
Third method: 2010-01-17–2010-01-17
Fourth method: 2010-01-17–2010-01-17
现在让我们假设你实际上做想要匹配非ASCII数字。例如:
U+660 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO
U+661 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE
U+662 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO
U+663 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE
U+664 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR
U+665 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE
U+666 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX
U+667 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN
U+668 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT
U+669 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE
甚至
U+1D7F6 MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT ZERO
U+1D7F7 MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT ONE
U+1D7F8 MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT TWO
U+1D7F9 MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT THREE
U+1D7FA MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT FOUR
U+1D7FB MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT FIVE
U+1D7FC MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT SIX
U+1D7FD MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT SEVEN
U+1D7FE MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT EIGHT
U+1D7FF MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT NINE
所以想象你有一个数学等宽数字的日期,如下:
$date = "\x{1D7F7}\x{1D7FD}/\x{1D7F7}\x{1D7F6}/\x{1D7F8}\x{1D7F6}\x{1D7F7}\x{1D7F6}";
Perl代码可以正常工作:
Original is: //
First method: --
Second method: --
Third method: --
Fourth method: --
我认为你会发现Python有一个相当大脑损坏的Unicode模型,它缺乏对抽象字符和字符串的支持,无论内容如何都会让写这样的东西变得非常困难。
在Python中编写清晰的正则表达式也很困难,因为在那里你将子表达式的声明与它们的执行分离,因为那里不支持(?(DEFINE)...)
块。哎呀,Python甚至不支持Unicode属性。由于这个原因,它不适合Unicode正则表达式工作。
但是,嘿,如果你认为与Perl(并且肯定是)相比,Python中的那个很糟糕,那就试试其他任何语言吧。我还没有找到一个对这类工作来说还不差的人。
如您所见,当您要求使用多种语言的正则表达式解决方案时,您会遇到实际问题。首先,由于不同的正则表达风味,难以比较解决方案。但也因为没有其他语言可以与Perl在正则表达式中的功能,表现力和可维护性进行比较。一旦任意Unicode进入图片,这可能会变得更加明显。
因此,如果您只是想要Python,那么您应该只是要求它。否则,这将是一场非常不公平的比赛,Python几乎总会失败;在Python中使这样的事情变得非常糟糕,更不用说两者正确并清理。这比它能产生的要多得多。
相比之下,Perl的正则表达方式在这两方面都表现出色。
答案 1 :(得分:17)
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> datetime.strptime('02/11/2010', '%d/%m/%Y').strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
'2010-11-02'
或更多hackish方式(不检查值的有效性):
>>> '-'.join('02/11/2010'.split('/')[::-1])
'2010-11-02'
>>> '-'.join(reversed('02/11/2010'.split('/')))
'2010-11-02'
答案 2 :(得分:11)
使用Time :: Piece(自5.9.5以来的核心),与接受的Python解决方案非常相似,因为它提供了strptime和strftime函数:
use Time::Piece;
my $dt_str = Time::Piece->strptime('13/10/1979', '%d/%m/%Y')->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
或
$ perl -MTime::Piece
print Time::Piece->strptime('13/10/1979', '%d/%m/%Y')->strftime('%Y-%m-%d');
1979-10-13
$
答案 3 :(得分:6)
使用Perl:datetime
Python包刚刚破解。您可以使用正则表达式来交换周围的日期部分,例如
echo "17/01/2010" | perl -pe 's{(\d+)/(\d+)/(\d+)}{$3-$2-$1}g'
如果您确实需要解析这些日期(例如,计算他们的星期几或其他日历类型的操作),请查看DateTimeX::Easy(您可以在Ubuntu下使用apt-get
进行安装):< / p>
perl -MDateTimeX::Easy -e 'print DateTimeX::Easy->parse("17/01/2010")->ymd("-")'
答案 4 :(得分:5)
Perl:
while (<>) {
s/(^|[^\d])(\d\d)\/(\d\d)\/(\d{4})($|[^\d])/$4-$3-$2/g;
print $_;
}
然后你必须运行:
perl MyScript.pl < oldfile.txt > newfile.txt
答案 5 :(得分:1)
Perl:
my $date =~ s/(\d+)\/(\d+)\/(\d+)/$3-$2-$1/;
答案 6 :(得分:0)
在Perl中你可以这样做:
use strict;
while(<>) {
chomp;
my($d,$m,$y) = split/\//;
my $newDate = $y.'-'.$m.'-'.$d;
}
答案 7 :(得分:-2)
以光荣的perl-oneliner形式:
echo 17/01/2010 | perl -p -e "chomp; join('-', reverse split /\//);"
但严肃地说,我会这样做:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
while (<>) {
chomp;
print join('-', reverse split /\//), "\n";
}
哪个适用于管道,每行转换和打印一个日期。