Question

我被要求找到我堂兄的Pygame代码的问题。我在Python上并不大，更多地使用其他语言，我无法通过谷歌搜索或调试找到问题。基本上他得到＆＃34; playGame未定义＆＃34; 错误，playGame是一个函数。关于此的其他问题通常是因为：

在声明
该函数在与其称为

这些似乎都不是问题，所以我希望有些精通Python的人能够发现它。我已经在下面复制了他的代码，其中很多（我希望）与为简化而删除的问题无关。

函数playGame无法正常工作，只需按一下按钮即可调用 def button(msg, x, y, action = None): 。有趣的是，退出函数工作正常，据我所知，它被调用并声明与playGame完全相同。

# --------------- SETUP ---------------
# Importing necessary modules
import pygame
import math
import random
# --------------- DISPLAY ---------------
# Setting up the display
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
pygame.display.set_caption(title)
# --------------- GLOBALS ---------------
#removed globals from stackoverflow version


# --------------- FUNCTIONS ---------------


# Blitting the text
def blitText(angle, power):
    #code


# Drawing the tank model
def drawTank():
    #code


# Creating the buttons
def button(msg, x, y, action = None):
    mousePos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()                                                                           # Gets the mouse position
    mouseClick = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

    (buttonWidth, buttonHeight) = (175, 45)                                                                     # Sets the button width and height
    if x + (buttonWidth / 2) > mousePos[0] > x - (buttonWidth / 2) and y + buttonHeight > mousePos[1] > y:      # Checks if the mouse is over the button
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, darkGrey, [x - (buttonWidth / 2), y, buttonWidth, buttonHeight])                   # Draws a dark grey button
        if mouseClick[0] == 1 and action != None:                                                                   # Checks if the button is clicked
            if action == "play":
                playGame()
            elif action == "exit":
                exit()
    else:
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, grey, [x - (buttonWidth / 2), y, buttonWidth, buttonHeight])                       # Draws a light grey button if not

    screen.blit(msg, [x - (buttonWidth / 2), y])                                                                # Writes the text over the button


# Defining the shell
class shell(pygame.sprite.Sprite):              # Creates the shell() class
    def __init__(self):                             # Defines an initiation fuction for this class
        super().__init__()                              # Call the parent class constructor
        self.image = pygame.Surface([2, 2])             # Defines the bullet as a 2x4 surface
        self.image.fill(black)                          # Paints the bullet black
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()               # Gets the area size of the bullet

    def update(self):                                                                                                                               # Defines a function as update for this class
        (bulletChangeX, bulletChangeY) = (((maxAngle - angle) / maxAngle) * (bulletSpeed * power), (angle / maxAngle) * (bulletSpeed * power))          # Ccalculates the changes in x and y
        bulletChangeY -= vert                                                                                                                           # Changes the trajectory of the bullet
        self.rect.y -= bulletChangeY                                                                                                                    # Moves the bullet in the y axis
        self.rect.x += bulletChangeX                                                                                                                    # Moves the bullet in the x axis


# --------------- TITLE SCREEN ---------------
# Creating the main menu
menu = True
while menu:                                                     # Starts the loop
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                                   # Checks if pygame has been closed
            exit()                                                          # Exits python
    screen.fill(white)                                              # Fills the screen white
    screen.blit(titleText, [0, 0])                                  # Writes the title text

    button(startButton, width / 2, (height / 3) * 2, "play")      # Calls the button function for the start button
    button(exitButton, width / 2, ((height / 3) * 2) + 70, "exit")    # Calls the button function for the exit button

    # Updating the display
    pygame.display.update()                                         # Updates the display
    clock.tick(fps)
# --------------- MAIN LOOP ---------------


# Running the program
def playGame():
    #code. This function has no return value.


# --------------- EXIT ---------------


# Exits PyGame and Python
def exit():
    pygame.quit()
    quit()

希望这里的错误显而易见，并且我没有删除导致问题的任何关键代码（我删除了启动变量声明和功能代码的内容）如果人们需要它我可以提供完整的代码

Answer 1

是的，非常明显 - 就像你说的那样：

鳕鱼e试图在定义之前调用该函数 - 绘制菜单屏幕并绘制按钮的while menu代码放在playGame函数之前 - 此时该名称未声明。

虽然Python确实在模块顶层运行代码，但最好的做法是在顶层只留下一些常量和变量声明，并将类似块while menu: ...的代码放在函数中。（可以称之为main - 但其名称没有最高语言要求）

然后，在文件的最底部，通过调用来调用该函数 - 这次是正确的，在模块体上 -

所以 - 沿途：

def main():
    # Creating the main menu
    menu = True
    while menu:                                                     # Starts the loop
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                                   # Checks if pygame has been closed
                exit()                                                          # Exits python
        screen.fill(white)                                              # Fills the screen white
        screen.blit(titleText, [0, 0])                                  # Writes the title text

        button(startButton, width / 2, (height / 3) * 2, "play")      # Calls the button function for the start button
        button(exitButton, width / 2, ((height / 3) * 2) + 70, "exit")    # Calls the button function for the exit button

        # Updating the display
        pygame.display.update()                                         # Updates the display
        clock.tick(fps)

在最底部，单个main()电话会使该特定错误消失。

Python pygame函数未定义

1 个答案: