读取文件和解析每一行的有效方法

时间:2016-10-24 20:45:07

标签: java nio java-io

我有一个下一格式的文本文件:每行以一个字符串开头,后面跟着数字序列。每行都有未知长度(未知数量,数量从0到1000)。

string_1 3 90 12 0 3
string_2 49 0 12 94 13 8 38 1 95 3
.......
string_n 9 43

之后我必须使用handleLine方法处理每一行,该方法接受两个参数:字符串名称和数字集(参见下面的代码)。

如何有效地阅读文件并使用handleLine处理每一行?

我的解决方法:

  1. 使用java8流Files.lines逐行读取文件。 是阻止吗?
  2. 使用regexp
  3. 拆分每一行
  4. 将每一行转换为标题字符串和一组数字
  5. 我认为由于第二步和第三步,它非常无效。第一步意味着java首先将文件字节转换为字符串,然后在第2和第3步中将其转换回String / Set<Integer>这会影响性能吗?如果是 - 如何做得更好?

    public handleFile(String filePath) {
        try (Stream<String> stream = Files.lines(Paths.get(filePath))) {
            stream.forEach(this::indexLine);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    private void handleLine(String line) {
        List<String> resultList = this.parse(line);
        String string_i = resultList.remove(0);
        Set<Integer> numbers = resultList.stream().map(Integer::valueOf).collect(Collectors.toSet());
        handleLine(string_i, numbers); // Here is te final computation which must to be done only with string_i & numbers arguments
    }
    
    private List<String> parse(String str) {
        List<String> output = new LinkedList<String>();
        Matcher match = Pattern.compile("[0-9]+|[a-z]+|[A-Z]+").matcher(str);
        while (match.find()) {
            output.add(match.group());
        }
        return output;
    }
    

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

关于您的第一个问题,这取决于您如何引用StreamStreams天生就是懒惰,如果您不打算使用它,就不会工作。例如,在Files.lines上添加终端操作之前,对Stream的调用实际上并未读取该文件。

来自java doc:

  

从文件中读取所有行作为流。与readAllLines不同,此方法不会将所有行读入List,而是在消耗流时延迟填充

forEach(Consumer<T>)调用是一个终端操作,此时,文件的行将逐个读取并传递给您的indexLine方法。

关于你的其他评论,你在这里真的没有问题。你想测量/减少什么?仅仅因为某些事情是多个步骤并不会导致其性能不佳。即使您创建了一个wizbang oneliner,也可以直接从File字节转换为String&amp; Set,您可能只是匿名进行了中间映射,或者您已经调用了一些会导致编译器执行此操作的内容。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

以下是将行解析为名称和数字的代码

stream.forEach(line -> {
    String[] split = line.split("\\b"); //split with blank seperator
    Set<String> numbers = IntStream.range(1, split.length)
                                .mapToObj(index -> split[index])
                                .filter(str -> str.matches("\\d+")) //filter numbers
                                .collect(Collectors.toSet());
    handleLine(split[0], numbers);
});

或另一种方式

Map<Boolean, List<String>> collect = Pattern.compile("\\b")
                                            .splitAsStream(line)
                                            .filter(str -> !str.matches("\\b"))
                                            .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(str -> str.matches("\\d+")));
handleLine(collect.get(Boolean.FALSE).get(0), collect.get(Boolean.TRUE));

答案 2 :(得分:1)

我打算测试几种方法来解决这个问题,并在指出的条件下尽可能地测量性能。这是我测试的内容以及我如何测试它以及随附的结果:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class App {

    public static void method1(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = null;
        try (Scanner s = new Scanner(Paths.get(testFile))) {
            while (s.hasNext()) {
                if (s.hasNextInt())
                    nums.add(s.nextInt());
                else {
                    nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                    String pre = s.next();
                    // handleLine( s.next() ... nums ... );
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void method2(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = null;
        try (BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(testFile));
                Scanner s = new Scanner(in)) {
            while (s.hasNext()) {
                if (s.hasNextInt())
                    nums.add(s.nextInt());
                else {
                    nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                    String pre = s.next();
                    // handleLine( s.next() ... nums ... );
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void method3(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = null;
        try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(testFile))) {
            String line = null;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                String[] arr = line.split(" ");
                nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; ++i)
                    nums.add(Integer.valueOf(arr[i]));
                // handleLine( ... );
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void method3_1(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = null;
        try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(testFile))) {
            String line = null;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                String[] arr = line.split(" ");
                nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; ++i)
                    nums.add(Integer.parseInt(arr[i]));
                // handleLine( ... );
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void method4(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = null;
        try {
            List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(Paths.get(testFile));
            for (String s : lines) {
                String[] arr = s.split(" ");
                nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; ++i)
                    nums.add(Integer.valueOf(arr[i]));
                // handleLine( ... );
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void method4_1(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = null;
        try {
            List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(Paths.get(testFile));
            for (String s : lines) {
                String[] arr = s.split(" ");
                nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; ++i)
                    nums.add(Integer.parseInt(arr[i]));
                // handleLine( ... );
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void method5(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = null;
        try (BufferedReader br = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get(testFile))) {
            List<String> lines = br.lines().collect(Collectors.toList());
            for (String s : lines) {
                String[] arr = s.split(" ");
                nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; ++i)
                    nums.add(Integer.valueOf(arr[i]));
                // handleLine( ... );
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void method5_1(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = null;
        try (BufferedReader br = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get(testFile))) {
            List<String> lines = br.lines().collect(Collectors.toList());
            for (String s : lines) {
                String[] arr = s.split(" ");
                nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; ++i)
                    nums.add(Integer.parseInt(arr[i]));
                // handleLine( ... );
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void method6(String testFile) {
        List<Integer> nums = new LinkedList<Integer>();
        try (Stream<String> stream = Files.lines(Paths.get(testFile))) {
            stream.forEach(line -> {
                String[] split = line.split("\\b"); // split with blank seperator
                Set<String> numbers = IntStream.range(1, split.length)
                        .mapToObj(index -> split[index])
                        .filter(str -> str.matches("\\d+")) // filter numbers
                        .collect(Collectors.toSet());
                numbers.forEach((k) -> nums.add(Integer.parseInt(k)));
                // handleLine( ... );
            });
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        args = new String[] { "C:\\Users\\Nick\\Desktop\\test.txt" };

        Random r = new Random();

        System.out.println("warming up a little...");
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
            int x = r.nextInt();
        }

        long s1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method1(args[0]);
        long e1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long s2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method2(args[0]);
        long e2 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long s3 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method3(args[0]);
        long e3 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long s3_1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method3_1(args[0]);
        long e3_1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long s4 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method4(args[0]);
        long e4 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long s4_1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method4_1(args[0]);
        long e4_1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long s5 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method5(args[0]);
        long e5 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long s5_1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method5_1(args[0]);
        long e5_1 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long s6 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; ++i)
            method6(args[0]);
        long e6 = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("method 1 = " + (e1 - s1) + " ms");
        System.out.println("method 2 = " + (e2 - s2) + " ms");
        System.out.println("method 3 = " + (e3 - s3) + " ms");
        System.out.println("method 3_1 = " + (e3_1 - s3_1) + " ms");
        System.out.println("method 4 = " + (e4 - s4) + " ms");
        System.out.println("method 4_1 = " + (e4_1 - s4_1) + " ms");
        System.out.println("method 5 = " + (e5 - s5) + " ms");
        System.out.println("method 5_1 = " + (e5_1 - s5_1) + " ms");
        System.out.println("method 6 = " + (e6 - s6) + " ms");
    }
}
  • 与java.version = 1.8.0_101(Oracle
  • 一起使用
  • x64 OS / processor

结果输出:

warming up a little...
method 1 = 1103 ms
method 2 = 872 ms
method 3 = 440 ms
method 3_1 = 418 ms
method 4 = 413 ms
method 4_1 = 376 ms
method 5 = 439 ms
method 5_1 = 384 ms
method 6 = 646 ms

根据我的理解,我测试的样本中的最佳方法是使用Files.readAllLiness.split(" ")Integer.parseInt。这三种组合再次产生了显然最快的,在我创建和使用测试的样本中,至少可能你会改为Integer.parseInt来帮助。

注意我使用了源来帮助获得一些受欢迎的方法并将它们应用于此问题/示例。例如。 this blog postthis tutorial,以及这位了不起的家伙@Peter-Lawrey。此外, 始终可以进行进一步的改进

另外,test.txt文件:

my_name 15 00 29 101 1234
cool_id 11 00 01 10 010101
longer_id_name 1234
dynamic_er 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 123 1456 15689 555555555

(注意:根据文件大小,性能可能会有很大差异!)