有几次我遇到过这样的情况:在没有任何变化的情况下,快速起作用的查询开始工作的速度慢了1000-10_000倍。 MySQL停止使用正确的索引,我必须使用FORCE INDEX(..)
。它发生在对具有10-300M记录的大表的查询中。
MySQL:5.6.23(AWS RDS,db.r3.xlarge)
最后一个问题是:
table1(175M记录)
CREATE TABLE `table1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`site_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`type` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
...
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `index_table1_on_site_id_and_..._and_type_and_...` (`site_id`,`...`,`type`,`...`),
KEY `index_table1_on_created_at_and_site_id` (`created_at`,`site_id`),
KEY `index_table1_on_site_id_and_type_and_created_at_and_...` (`site_id`,`type`,`created_at`,`...`) USING BTREE,
KEY `index_table1_on_site_and_type_and_..._and_created` (`site_id`,`type`,`..._id`,`created_at`),
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=... DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
table2(2M记录)
CREATE TABLE `table2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`table1_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
...
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
...
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=... DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
请求:
SELECT `table1`.* FROM `table1`
INNER JOIN `table2` ON `table2`.`table1_id` = `table1`.`id`
WHERE `table1`.`type` IN ('...', '...')
AND `table1`.`site_id` = ...
AND (table1.created_at >= '...')
AND (table1.created_at <= '...')
ORDER BY `table1`.`id` DESC LIMIT 30 offset 0;
是~10-80ms 现在&gt; 420秒
请求FORCE INDEX
:
SELECT `table1`.* FROM `table1` USE INDEX (`index_table1_on_site_id_and_type_and_created_at_and_...`)
INNER JOIN `table2` ON `table2`.`table1_id` = `table1`.`id`
WHERE `table1`.`type` IN ('...', '...')
AND `table1`.`site_id` = ...
AND (table1.created_at >= '...')
AND (table1.created_at <= '...')
ORDER BY `table1`.`id` DESC LIMIT 30 offset 0;
~85 ms
EXPLAINE:
没有FORCE
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: table1
type: index
possible_keys: PRIMARY,index_table1_on_site_id_and_..._and_type_and_...,index_table1_on_created_at_and_site_id,index_table1_on_type,index_table1_on_site_id_and_type_and_created_at_and_...,index_table1_on_site_and_type_and_..._and_created
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 4
ref: NULL
rows: 9257179
Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: table2
type: eq_ref
possible_keys: ...
key: ...
key_len: 4
ref: db.table1.id
rows: 1
Extra: Using index
FORCE
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: table1
type: range
possible_keys: index_table1_on_site_id_and_type_and_created_at_and_...
key: index_table1_on_site_id_and_type_and_created_at_and_...
key_len: 88
ref: NULL
rows: 499
Extra: Using index condition; Using filesort
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: table2
type: eq_ref
possible_keys: ...
key: ...
key_len: 4
ref: db.table1.id
rows: 1
Extra: Using index
是否有任何解决方案可以避免这种不可预测的MySQL行为?我无法向所有请求添加FORCE INDEX
,该怎么办?
P.S:
SELECT * FROM `table1`
INNER JOIN `table2` ON `table2`.`table1_id` = `table1`.`id`
WHERE `table1`.`site_id` = ... ;
只返回122条记录
P.S.S:疯狂,但请求在更长的时间段内工作得更快
AND (table1.created_at >= '2016-07-01') AND (table1.created_at <= '2016-07-07)
420秒
AND (table1.created_at >= '2016-06-01') AND (table1.created_at <= '2016-07-07)
85ms
答案 0 :(得分:0)
如果表格已更改,您可以尝试运行ANALYZE TABLE
(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/analyze-table.html)来同步更新统计信息。 InnoDB persists optimizer stats有一些limitations。
根据日期范围,我也想知道如果你做的话,它会是否同样快
AND (table1.created_at >= '2016-06-01') AND (table1.created_at <= '2016-06-07)'
假设较旧的数据具有更稳定的统计数据,并且它不是产生差异的大小。