C#XML序列化覆盖IXmlSerializable类的类型

时间:2016-06-30 10:08:04

标签: c# .net xml-serialization xmlserializer ixmlserializable

初步问题

我希望serialize List<IXmlSerializable>动态更改IXmlSerializable类的 XmlType (因此我无法使用属性标记来执行此操作)

我&#39;我们试图使用 XmlAttributeOverrides 来做到这一点,到目前为止没有成功。

以下是说明问题的示例代码:
IXmlSerializable类(来自MSDN):

public class Person : IXmlSerializable
{
    // Private state
    private string personName;


    // Constructors
    public Person(string name)
    {
        personName = name;
    }

    public Person()
    {
        personName = null;
    }


    // Xml Serialization Infrastructure
    public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
    {
        writer.WriteString(personName);
    }

    public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)
    {
        personName = reader.ReadString();
    }

    public XmlSchema GetSchema()
    {
        return (null);
    }


    // Print
    public override string ToString()
    {
        return (personName);
    }
}

测试类(使用控制台输出):

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        List<Person> lPersonList = new List<Person> {
            new Person("First"),
            new Person("Second"),
            new Person("Third")
        };
        XmlAttributeOverrides lOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
        XmlAttributes lAttributes = new XmlAttributes { XmlType = new XmlTypeAttribute("Employee") };
        lOverrides.Add(typeof(Person), lAttributes);

        XmlSerializer lSerialiser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Person>), lOverrides, null, new XmlRootAttribute("Employees"), null);
        XmlSerializerNamespaces lNamespaces = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
        lNamespaces.Add("", "");
        lSerialiser.Serialize(Console.Out, lPersonList, lNamespaces);

        System.Console.WriteLine("Enter any key to close.");
        System.Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

这是我想要的:

<Employees>
<Employee>First</Employee>
<Employee>Second</Employee>
<Employee>Third</Employee>
</Employees>

但是我在运行时遇到了这个错误:

  

System.InvalidOperationException:只能为Person类型指定XmlRoot属性。请使用XmlSchemaProviderAttribute指定架构类型。

注意当我的 Person类未实现IXmlSerializable时,一切正常......

有人可以帮我吗?

选择解决方案(基于@dbc answer

正如@dbc指出的那样,使用&#34;代理&#34;上课是做我想做的最简单的方法。但正如我所说,我需要动态更改Person类型,这意味着我无法使用属性标签。
所以我仍然在我的最终设计中使用XmlAttributeOverrides,这里是:

代理List<Person>(与没有属性标记的@dbc相同):

public class EmployeesListSurrogate
{
    public List<Person> EmployeeList { get; set; }

    public static implicit operator List<Person>(EmployeesListSurrogate surrogate)
    {
        return surrogate == null ? null : surrogate.EmployeeList;
    }

    public static implicit operator EmployeesListSurrogate(List<Person> employees)
    {
        return new EmployeesListSurrogate { EmployeeList = employees };
    }
}

使用代理人的测试类:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        List<Person> lPersonList = new List<Person> {
            new Person("First"),
            new Person("Second"),
            new Person("Third")
        };

        XmlAttributeOverrides lOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
        XmlAttributes lEmployeesListAttributes = new XmlAttributes { XmlRoot = new XmlRootAttribute("Employees") };
        lOverrides.Add(typeof(EmployeesListSurrogate), lEmployeesListAttributes);
        XmlAttributes lEmployeeAttributes = new XmlAttributes { XmlElements = { new XmlElementAttribute("Employee") } };
        lOverrides.Add(typeof(EmployeesListSurrogate), "EmployeeList", lEmployeeAttributes);

        XmlSerializer lSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(EmployeesListSurrogate), lOverrides);
        XmlSerializerNamespaces lNamespaces = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
        lNamespaces.Add("", "");
        lSerializer.Serialize(Console.Out, (EmployeesListSurrogate)lPersonList, lNamespaces);
    }
}

我想以@dbc为由对此结束,您的回答非常有帮助且信息丰富,我已经学到了很多东西。我无法支持你,但我希望社区能做到!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

获取所需XML的最简单方法是序列化&#34;代理&#34;课程如下:

[XmlRoot("Employees")]
public class EmployeesListSurrogate
{
    [XmlElement("Employee")]
    public List<Person> EmployeeList { get; set; }

    public static implicit operator List<Person>(EmployeesListSurrogate surrogate)
    {
        return surrogate == null ? null : surrogate.EmployeeList;
    }

    public static implicit operator EmployeesListSurrogate(List<Person> employees)
    {
        return new EmployeesListSurrogate { EmployeeList = employees };
    }
}

这完全消除了对XmlAttributeOverrides的需求。或者,您可以使用XmlAttributeOverridesXmlAttributes.XmlElements动态指定EmployeeList的XML名称。

话虽如此,当您尝试将InvalidOperationException应用于同时实现[XmlType]的类型时,IXmlSerializable被抛出的原因是XmlSerializer需要类型名称通过完全不同的机制返回,即XmlSchemaProviderAttribute.MethodName属性中指定的[XmlSchemaProvider]方法。

[XmlSchemaProvider]应用于IXmlSerializable类型时,XmlSerializer将查找在属性构造函数中指定其名称的类型的公共静态方法,并具有以下签名:< / p>

    public static XmlQualifiedName GetSchemaMethod(XmlSchemaSet xs)
    {
    }

这种方法的目的有两个:

  1. 在序列化该类型的实例时,它应该使用预期的架构填充XmlSchemaSet。通过测试,我发现它必须填充有效的。它不能只是留空,否则会抛出异常。

    (我不知道XmlSerializer在序列化时对模式实际验证的程度。在通过xsd.exe导出模式信息时也会调用该方法。)

  2. 它应返回该类型的XML类型名称。

    这似乎是微软抛出您所看到的异常的原因:由于架构属性提供程序应该返回类型名称,因此XmlType属性会发生冲突。

  3. 因此,如果我按如下方式修改您的Person课程:

    [XmlSchemaProvider("GetSchemaMethod")]
    public class Person : IXmlSerializable
    {
        // Private state
        private string personName;
    
        // Constructors
        public Person(string name)
        {
            personName = name;
        }
    
        public Person()
        {
            personName = null;
        }
    
        // This is the method named by the XmlSchemaProviderAttribute applied to the type.
        public static XmlQualifiedName GetSchemaMethod(XmlSchemaSet xs)
        {
            string EmployeeSchema = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-16""?>
    <xs:schema elementFormDefault=""qualified"" xmlns:xs=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"">
      <xs:import namespace=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" />
      <xs:element name=""Employee"" nillable=""true"" type=""Employee"" />
      <xs:complexType name=""Employee"" mixed=""true"">
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:any />
      </xs:sequence>
      </xs:complexType>
    </xs:schema>";
    
            using (var textReader = new StringReader(EmployeeSchema))
            using (var schemaSetReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(textReader))
            {
                xs.Add("", schemaSetReader);
            }
            return new XmlQualifiedName("Employee");
        }
    
        // Xml Serialization Infrastructure
        public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
        {
            writer.WriteString(personName);
        }
    
        public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)
        {
            reader.MoveToContent();
            var isEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement;
            reader.ReadStartElement();
            if (!isEmpty)
            {
                personName = reader.ReadContentAsString();
                reader.ReadEndElement();
            }
        }
    
        public XmlSchema GetSchema()
        {
            return (null);
        }
    
        // Print
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return (personName);
        }
    }
    

    将您的List<Person>序列化为XML,我得到以下结果:

    <ArrayOfEmployee xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
        <Employee>First</Employee>
        <Employee>Second</Employee>
        <Employee>Third</Employee>
    </ArrayOfEmployee>
    

    如您所见,Person的XML类型名称已成功指定。

    但是,您希望通过Person动态覆盖 XmlAttributeOverrides的XML类型名称,而不是将其设置为编译类型。为此,似乎有必要在XmlAttributes内指定XmlSchemaProviderAttribute。不幸的是,XmlSchemaProvider中找不到XmlAttributes属性。似乎Microsoft从未实现此类功能。因此,如果你想进一步追求这个设计,你需要做一些kludgy:在创建覆盖序列化器时暂时覆盖GetSchemaMethod()的返回。要牢记两件事:

    1. 在幕后,XmlSerializer通过创建动态程序集来工作。如果您使用XmlSerializernew XmlSerializer(Type)构建new XmlSerializer(Type, String),那么.Net将缓存程序集并在第二次构建序列化程序时重复使用它。

      因此,在使用其中任何一个构建序列化程序时尝试暂时覆盖GetSchemaMethod()的返回将失败或产生意外结果。

    2. 否则动态程序集缓存,因此您的代码必须手动缓存序列化程序或严重的资源泄漏。见Memory Leak using StreamReader and XmlSerializer

      在这些情况下,暂时覆盖GetSchemaMethod()的返回可能有效。

    3. 所有这些都说明,以下内容产生了您需要的XML:

      [XmlSchemaProvider("GetSchemaMethod")]
      public class Person : IXmlSerializable
      {
          // Private state
          private string personName;
      
          // Constructors
          public Person(string name)
          {
              personName = name;
          }
      
          public Person()
          {
              personName = null;
          }
      
          [ThreadStatic]
          static string personXmlTypeName;
      
          const string defaultXmlTypeName = "Person";
      
          static string PersonXmlTypeName
          {
              get
              {
                  if (personXmlTypeName == null)
                      personXmlTypeName = defaultXmlTypeName;
                  return personXmlTypeName;
              }
              set
              {
                  personXmlTypeName = value;
              }
          }
      
          public static IDisposable PushXmlTypeName(string xmlTypeName)
          {
              return new PushValue<string>(xmlTypeName, () => PersonXmlTypeName, val => PersonXmlTypeName = val);
          }
      
          // This is the method named by the XmlSchemaProviderAttribute applied to the type.
          public static XmlQualifiedName GetSchemaMethod(XmlSchemaSet xs)
          {
              string EmployeeSchemaFormat = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-16""?>
                  <xs:schema elementFormDefault=""qualified"" xmlns:xs=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"">
                    <xs:import namespace=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" />
                    <xs:element name=""{0}"" nillable=""true"" type=""{0}"" />
                    <xs:complexType name=""{0}"" mixed=""true"">
                    <xs:sequence>
                      <xs:any />
                    </xs:sequence>
                    </xs:complexType>
                  </xs:schema>";
              var EmployeeSchema = string.Format(EmployeeSchemaFormat, PersonXmlTypeName);
      
              using (var textReader = new StringReader(EmployeeSchema))
              using (var schemaSetReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(textReader))
              {
                  xs.Add("", schemaSetReader);
              }
              return new XmlQualifiedName(PersonXmlTypeName);
          }
      
          // Xml Serialization Infrastructure
          public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
          {
              writer.WriteString(personName);
          }
      
          public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)
          {
              reader.MoveToContent();
              var isEmpty = reader.IsEmptyElement;
              reader.ReadStartElement();
              if (!isEmpty)
              {
                  personName = reader.ReadContentAsString();
                  reader.ReadEndElement();
              }
          }
      
          public XmlSchema GetSchema()
          {
              return (null);
          }
      
          // Print
          public override string ToString()
          {
              return (personName);
          }
      }
      
      public struct PushValue<T> : IDisposable
      {
          Action<T> setValue;
          T oldValue;
      
          public PushValue(T value, Func<T> getValue, Action<T> setValue)
          {
              if (getValue == null || setValue == null)
                  throw new ArgumentNullException();
              this.setValue = setValue;
              this.oldValue = getValue();
              setValue(value);
          }
      
          #region IDisposable Members
      
          // By using a disposable struct we avoid the overhead of allocating and freeing an instance of a finalizable class.
          public void Dispose()
          {
              if (setValue != null)
                  setValue(oldValue);
          }
      
          #endregion
      }
      
      public static class PersonEmployeeListSerializerFactory
      {
          static Dictionary<Tuple<string, string>, XmlSerializer> serializers;
          static object padlock = new object();
      
          static PersonEmployeeListSerializerFactory()
          {
              serializers = new Dictionary<Tuple<string, string>, XmlSerializer>();
          }
      
          public static XmlSerializer GetSerializer(string rootName, string personName)
          {
              lock (padlock)
              {
                  XmlSerializer serializer;
                  var key = Tuple.Create(rootName, personName);
                  if (!serializers.TryGetValue(key, out serializer))
                  {
                      using (Person.PushXmlTypeName(personName))
                      {
                          var lOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
                          //var lAttributes = new XmlAttributes();
                          //lOverrides.Add(typeof(Person), lAttributes);
      
                          serializers[key] = serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Person>), lOverrides, new Type[0], new XmlRootAttribute(rootName), null);
                      }
                  }
                  return serializer;
              }
          }
      }
      

      然后做

      var lSerialiser = PersonEmployeeListSerializerFactory.GetSerializer("Employees", "Employee");
      
      var lNamespaces = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
      lNamespaces.Add("", "");
      
      var sb = new StringBuilder();
      using (var writer = new StringWriter(sb))
          lSerialiser.Serialize(writer, lPersonList, lNamespaces);
      
      Console.WriteLine(sb);
      

      但是你可以看到这比使用最初显示的代理更加复杂。

      示例fiddle显示两个选项。