Question

ToCharArray和ToArray

之间有何区别？

string mystring = "abcdef";

char[] items1 = mystring.ToCharArray();
char[] items2 = mystring.ToArray();

结果似乎是一样的。

Answer 1

string.ToCharArray()是字符串类的成员。

string.ToArray()实际上正在使用a ToArray() extension of IEnumerable<T>，利用了string实现IEnumerable<char>的事实。

在这两者中，string.ToCharArray()可能更具性能。

在C＃参考源中，string.ToCharArray()的实现是：

unsafe public char[] ToCharArray() {
    // <
    int length = Length;
    char[] chars = new char[length];
    if (length > 0)
    {
        fixed (char* src = &this.m_firstChar)
            fixed (char* dest = chars) {
                wstrcpy(dest, src, length);
            }
    }
    return chars;
}

同样来自C＃参考源，IEnumerable<T>.ToArray()的实现是：

public static TSource[] ToArray<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source) {
    if (source == null) throw Error.ArgumentNull("source");
    return new Buffer<TSource>(source).ToArray();
}

...

struct Buffer<TElement>
{
    internal TElement[] items;
    internal int count;

    internal Buffer(IEnumerable<TElement> source) {
        TElement[] items = null;
        int count = 0;
        ICollection<TElement> collection = source as ICollection<TElement>;
        if (collection != null) {
            count = collection.Count;
            if (count > 0) {
                items = new TElement[count];
                collection.CopyTo(items, 0);
            }
        }
        else {
            foreach (TElement item in source) {
                if (items == null) {
                    items = new TElement[4];
                }
                else if (items.Length == count) {
                    TElement[] newItems = new TElement[checked(count * 2)];
                    Array.Copy(items, 0, newItems, 0, count);
                    items = newItems;
                }
                items[count] = item;
                count++;
            }
        }
        this.items = items;
        this.count = count;
    }

    internal TElement[] ToArray() {
        if (count == 0) return new TElement[0];
        if (items.Length == count) return items;
        TElement[] result = new TElement[count];
        Array.Copy(items, 0, result, 0, count);
        return result;
    }
}

正如你所看到的，这更复杂了！

为什么IEnumerable<T>.ToArray()没有使用优化路径？

还有一件事我们需要解释。

如果您检查Buffer<T>的实施，您会看到此优化：

ICollection<TElement> collection = source as ICollection<TElement>;
if (collection != null) {
    count = collection.Count;
    if (count > 0) {
        items = new TElement[count];
        collection.CopyTo(items, 0);
    }
}

你可以合理地问为什么不采取这条道路？如果是，这对string.ToArray()来说是一个很好的优化。

嗯，答案很简单：string未实现ICollection<T>，因此source as ICollection<TElement>将返回null，并且不会进行优化。

更糟糕的是，通过Buffer<T>的非优化路径将使用string枚举器，其实现如下：

public sealed class CharEnumerator : IEnumerator, ICloneable, IEnumerator<char>, IDisposable 
{
    private String str;
    private int index;
    private char currentElement;

    internal CharEnumerator(String str) {
        Contract.Requires(str != null);
        this.str = str;
        this.index = -1;
    }

    public Object Clone() {
        return MemberwiseClone();
    }

    public bool MoveNext() {
        if (index < (str.Length-1)) {
            index++;
            currentElement = str[index];
            return true;
        }
        else
            index = str.Length;
        return false;

    }

    public void Dispose() {
        if (str != null)
            index = str.Length;
        str = null;
    }

    /// <internalonly/>
    Object IEnumerator.Current {
        get {
            if (index == -1)
                throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString(ResId.InvalidOperation_EnumNotStarted));
            if (index >= str.Length)
                throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString(ResId.InvalidOperation_EnumEnded));                        

            return currentElement;
        }
    }

    public char Current {
        get {
            if (index == -1)
                throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString(ResId.InvalidOperation_EnumNotStarted));
            if (index >= str.Length)
                throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString(ResId.InvalidOperation_EnumEnded));                                            
            return currentElement;
        }
    }

    public void Reset() {
        currentElement = (char)0;
        index = -1;
    }
}


ICollection<TElement> collection = source as ICollection<TElement>;
if (collection != null) {
    count = collection.Count;
    if (count > 0) {
        items = new TElement[count];
        collection.CopyTo(items, 0);
    }
}

这引入了另一个低效率。

这个故事的寓意

切勿使用IEnumerable<char>.ToArray()代替string.ToCharArray()！

Answer 2

ToCharArray方法：

ToCharArray方法将字符串中的字符提取到字符数组中。然后它显示原始字符串和数组中的元素。

using System;

public class Example
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      String s = "AaBbCcDd";
      var chars = s.ToCharArray();
      Console.WriteLine("Original string: {0}", s);
      Console.WriteLine("Character array:");
      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < chars.Length; ctr++)
         Console.WriteLine("   {0}: {1}", ctr, chars[ctr]);
   }
}

ToArray方法：

作用于范围的List类的ToArray方法。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] input = { "Brachiosaurus", 
                           "Amargasaurus", 
                           "Mamenchisaurus" };

        List<string> dinosaurs = new List<string>(input);

        Console.WriteLine("\nCapacity: {0}", dinosaurs.Capacity);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nAddRange(dinosaurs)");
        dinosaurs.AddRange(dinosaurs);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\nRemoveRange(2, 2)");
        dinosaurs.RemoveRange(2, 2);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        input = new string[] { "Tyrannosaurus", 
                               "Deinonychus", 
                               "Velociraptor"};

        Console.WriteLine("\nInsertRange(3, input)");
        dinosaurs.InsertRange(3, input);

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in dinosaurs )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("\noutput = dinosaurs.GetRange(2, 3).ToArray()");
        string[] output = dinosaurs.GetRange(2, 3).ToArray();

        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string dinosaur in output )
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }
}

Answer 3

如果我们正在谈论将字符串转换为字母，那么ToCharArray（）函数比ToArray（）快

ToCharArray和ToArray之间的区别

3 个答案:

ToCharArray方法：

ToArray方法：