Question

我是django的新手，并使用django-rest-framework构建REST API。我已经编写了一些代码来检查用户是否提供了一些参数。但是很多if conditions非常难看，所以我想重构它。下面是我编写的代码请建议如何重构它。

我正在寻找一些基于django的验证。

class AssetsViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Assets.objects.using("gpr").all()

 def create(self, request):
    assets = []
    farming_details = {}

    bluenumberid = request.data.get('bluenumberid', None)
    if not bluenumberid:
        return Response({'error': 'BlueNumber is required.'})

    actorid = request.data.get('actorid', None)
    if not actorid:
        return Response({'error': 'Actorid is required.'})

    asset_details = request.data.get('asset_details', None)
    if not asset_details:
        return Response({'error': 'AssetDetails is required.'})

    for asset_detail in asset_details:


      location = asset_detail.get('location', None)
      if not location:
        return Response({'error': 'location details is required.'})

      assettype = asset_detail.get('type', None)
      if not assettype:
        return Response({'error': 'assettype is required.'})

      asset_relationship = asset_detail.get('asset_relationship', None)
      if not asset_relationship:
        return Response({'error': 'asset_relationship is required.'})

      subdivision_code = location.get('subdivision_code', None)
      if not subdivision_code:
        return Response({'error': 'subdivision_code is required.'})

      country_code = location.get('country_code', None)
      if not country_code:
        return Response({'error': 'country_code is required.'})

      locationtype = location.get('locationtype', None)
      if not locationtype:
        return Response({'error': 'locationtype is required.'})

      latitude = location.get('latitude', None)
      if not latitude:
        return Response({'error': 'latitude is required.'})

      longitude = location.get('longitude', None)
      if not longitude:
        return Response({'error': 'longitude is required.'})

      try:
        country_instance = Countries.objects.using('gpr').get(countrycode=country_code)
      except:
        return Response({'error': 'Unable to find country with countrycode ' + str(country_code)})
      try:
        subdivision_instance = NationalSubdivisions.objects.using('gpr').get(subdivisioncode=subdivision_code, countrycode=country_code)
      except:
          return Response({'error': 'Unable to find subdivision with countrycode ' + str(country_code) + ' and' + ' subdivisioncode ' + str(subdivision_code)})

      kwargs = {}
      kwargs['pobox'] = location.get('pobox', '')
      kwargs['sublocation'] = location.get('sublocation', '')
      kwargs['streetaddressone'] = location.get('streetaddressone', '')
      kwargs['streetaddresstwo'] = location.get('streetaddresstwo', '')
      kwargs['streetaddressthree'] = location.get('streetaddressthree', '')
      kwargs['city'] = location.get('city', '')
      kwargs['postalcode'] = location.get('postalcode', '')

      cursor = connections['gpr'].cursor()
      cursor.execute("Select uuid() as uuid")
      u = cursor.fetchall()
      uuid = u[0][0].replace("-", "")

      kwargs['locationid'] = uuid
    #   l.refresh_from_db()
      try:
        Locations.objects.using('gpr').create_location(locationtype=locationtype, latitude=latitude, longitude=longitude, countrycode=country_instance, subdivisioncode = subdivision_instance, **kwargs)
      except (TypeError, ValueError):
         return Response({'error': 'Error while saving location'})

      try:
        location_entry = Locations.objects.using('gpr').get(locationid=uuid)
      except:
        return Response({'error': 'Unable to find location with locationid ' + str(uuid)})

      asset_entry = Assets.objects.using('gpr').create(locationid=location_entry, assettype=assettype)
      asset_entry = Assets.objects.using('gpr').filter(locationid=location_entry, assettype=assettype).latest('assetinserted')
      farming_details[asset_entry.assetid] = []

      try:
        actor = Actors.objects.using('gpr').get(actorid = actorid)
      except:
        return Response({'error': 'Unable to find actor with actorid ' + str(actorid)})
      assetrelationship = AssetRelationships.objects.using('gpr').create(assetid= asset_entry, actorid= actor,assetrelationship=asset_relationship)
      assets.append(asset_entry)

      if assettype=="Farm or pasture land":
            hectares = asset_detail.get('hectares', None)
            if hectares is None:
              return Response({'error': 'hectares must be a decimal number'})
            try:
              farmingasset = FarmingAssets.objects.using('gpr').create(assetid=asset_entry, hectares=hectares)
            except ValidationError:
              return Response({'error': 'hectares must be decimal value.'})
            farmingasset = FarmingAssets.objects.using('gpr').filter(assetid=asset_entry, hectares=hectares).last()
            for type_detail in asset_detail.get('type_details', []):
              crop = type_detail.get('crop', '')
              hectare = type_detail.get('hectare', '')
              if crop != '' and hectare != '':
                try:
                  h3code = ProductCodes.objects.using('gpr').get(h3code=crop)
                except:
                  return Response({'error': 'Unable to find ProductCode with h3code' + str(crop)})
                try:
                  farming = Farming.objects.using('gpr').create(assetid=farmingasset, h3code=h3code, annualyield=hectare)
                  farming_details[asset_entry.assetid].append(farming.farmingid)
                except Exception as e:
                  return Response({'error': e})
              else:
                return Response({'error': 'crop with hectare is required.'})
    i = 0
    data = {}
    for asset in assets:
        if farming_details[asset.assetid]:
          data[i] = {"assetid": asset.assetid, "assetbluenumber": asset.assetuniversalid, "farming_ids": farming_details[asset.assetid]}
        else:
          data[i] = {"assetid": asset.assetid, "assetbluenumber": asset.assetuniversalid}
        i+=1
    return Response(data)

资产模型

class Assets(models.Model):
    assetid = models.CharField(db_column='AssetID', primary_key=True, max_length=255)  # Field name made lowercase.
    assetname = models.CharField(db_column='AssetName', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)  # Field name made lowercase.
    locationid = models.ForeignKey('Locations', models.DO_NOTHING, db_column='LocationID')  # Field name made lowercase.
    assetuniversalid = models.CharField(db_column='AssetBluenumber', unique=True, blank=True, null=True, max_length=255)  # Field name made lowercase.
    assettype = models.CharField(db_column='AssetType', max_length=45, blank=True, null=True)  # Field name made lowercase.
    assetinserted = models.DateTimeField(db_column='AssetInserted', blank=True, null=True, auto_now_add=True)  # Field name made lowercase.
    assetupdated = models.DateTimeField(db_column='AssetUpdated', blank=True, null=True, auto_now=True)  # Field name made lowercase.

Answer 1

您可以制作serializers，他们可以非常轻松地验证您的数据。在您的情况下，所有字段似乎都需要它变得更加容易。

在api app上创建一个文件，如：

serializers.py

#Import Serializers lib
from rest_framework import serializers

#Import your models here (You can put more than one serializer in one file)
from assets.model import Assets

#Now make you serializer class
class AssetsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = '__all__' 
        #This last line will put all the fields on you serializer
        #but you can also especify only some fields like:
        #fields = ('assetid', 'assetname')

在您查看时，您可以使用序列化程序类来验证数据。

views.py

#Serializers
from assets.serializers import AssetsSerializer

#Libraries you can use
from django.http import Http404
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status

class AssetsViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Assets.objects.using("gpr").all()

    def create(self, request):
        assets = []
        farming_details = {}
        #Set your serializer
        serializer = AssetsSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid(): #MAGIC HAPPENS HERE
            #... Here you do the routine you do when the data is valid
            #You can use the serializer as an object of you Assets Model
            #Save it
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

我从文档中拿走了这一切。您可以从官方网站上学习tutorial。我希望它有所帮助。

Answer 2

您可以执行以下操作：

for param in ['bluenumberid', 'actorid', 'asset_details']:
    if param not in request.data.keys():
        raise Response({'error': '%s is required.' % param}) 

...

for asset_detail in asset_details:
    for param in ['location', ..., 'longitude']:
        if param not in asset_detail.keys():
            raise Response({'error': '%s is required.' % param})

Answer 3

这只是您可以遵循的重构指南，当然，在执行此操作时可以改进许多其他内容：

为模型资产制作ModelSerializer
AssetsModelSerializer应处理验证
在AssettsModelSerializer中添加任何具有特定验证和表示的相关ModelSerializer（如Locations）
将create方法移动到AssetsModelSerializer，然后只处理模型创建
AssetModelSerializer应提供特定的to_representation（如果需要）
如我所见，AssetsViewSet正在做更多事情（尤其是FarmingAssets对象的最后一部分）你可以在另一个视图中拆分该逻辑吗？还是路线？

在viewsets.ModelViewSet上获取params验证

3 个答案:

serializers.py

views.py