如何使用模板在C ++中使用`using`(制作参数化别名)制作别名?

时间:2016-03-13 06:57:21

标签: c++ templates c++11 c++14 using

我正在阅读Bjarne Stroustrup的“The C ++ Programming Language”第4版。在本书的第一部分中,我发现using的用法如下:

// Error is in these 2 lines
template<typename T>
using Iterator<T> = typename T::iterator;
  

*参见[**]了解完整的程序和错误消息*

这正是我在第105页中找到的。当我把它变成一个完整的程序并试图编译它时,g++给了我这个错误masseage:

> g++ -std=c++14 -o fnd find_all.cpp
find_all.cpp:13:15: error: expected '=' before '<' token
 using Iterator<T> = typename T::iterator;
           ^
find_all.cpp:13:15: error: expected type-specifier before '<' token

我在这段代码中找不到任何问题,(我是C ++的新手,我用我的小知识找不到问题)(更令人困惑的是我在Bjarne的书上发现了这个问题) )

  

有人可以告诉我为什么代码会出错?

     

注意:但是,如果我将Iterator<C>替换为typename C::iterator(见下文),则可以正常使用,没有错误!

[**]完整程序和错误消息:

// Error is in these 2 lines
template<typename T>
using Iterator<T> = typename T::iterator;
// -------------------------------------------

// For the completeness I'll include my complete program here
template<typename C, typename V>
vector<Iterator<C>> find_all(C& c, V v) // find all occurrences of v in c
{
    vector<Iterator<C>> res;
    for (auto p = c.begin(); p!=c.end(); ++p)
        if (∗p==v)
            res.push_back(p);
    return res;
}

void test()
{
    string m {"Mary had a little lamb"};
    for (auto p : find_all(m, 'a'))
        if (*p == 'a')
            cerr << "string bug!\n";

    list<double> ld { 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 1.1, 1.1 };
    for (auto p : find_all(ld, 1.1))
        if (*p == 1.1)
            cerr << "list bug!\n";

    vector<string> strv { "blue", "yellow", "red", "white", "orange", "blue" };
    for (auto p : find_all(strv, "blue"))
        if (*p == "blue")
            cerr << "string vector bug!\n";

}

int main(void) 
{
    test();

    return 0;
}

错误消息:

> g++ -std=c++14 -o fnd find_all.cpp
find_all.cpp:13:15: error: expected '=' before '<' token
 using Iterator<T> = typename T::iterator;
           ^
find_all.cpp:13:15: error: expected type-specifier before '<' token
find_all.cpp:16:8: error: 'Iterator' was not declared in this scope
 vector<Iterator<C>> find_all(C& c, V v)
    ^
find_all.cpp:16:17: error: template argument 1 is invalid
 vector<Iterator<C>> find_all(C& c, V v)
             ^
find_all.cpp:16:17: error: template argument 2 is invalid
find_all.cpp:16:18: error: expected unqualified-id before '>' token
 vector<Iterator<C>> find_all(C& c, V v)
              ^
find_all.cpp: In function 'void test()':
find_all.cpp:30:31: error: 'find_all' was not declared in this scope
  for (auto p : find_all(m, 'a'))
                           ^
find_all.cpp:35:32: error: 'find_all' was not declared in this scope
  for (auto p : find_all(ld, 1.1))
                            ^
find_all.cpp:40:37: error: 'find_all' was not declared in this scope
  for (auto p : find_all(strv, "blue"))

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:12)

必须省略第一个<T>

template<typename T>
using Iterator = typename T::iterator;

答案 1 :(得分:6)

定义类模板或函数模板时,使用:

template <typename T> struct Foo { };

template <typename T> T bar() { return T{}; }

定义模板时不要使用Foo<T>bar<T>

同样,使用模板定义别名时,您需要使用:

template <typename T>
using Iterator = typename T::iterator;
             ^^ Don't include <T>