我有很多文本文件，每个文件包含一个矩阵，条目由制表符＆amp;空格（下面是一个文件中31x31矩阵的示例）。文件中的行长度限制为80个字符，因此每个文件中的矩阵被拆分为多个部分，每个部分中有5列。行标签和列标签相同，但每个文件中的值都不同。
我使用awk，tac和sed从更大的文本文件中提取每个矩阵，我可以使用grep提取以＆＃34; n＆＃34;开头的行，但是我得到多个匹配。< / p>
如何从矩阵中提取单个值，例如column-m，row-n？
的值示例矩阵（如果我想要来自column-label-4的值，row-label-19它是0.170506e + 03，但我不想要column-label-9，row-label-19等）。
1 2 3 4 5
1 0.000000e+00
2 0.721521e+02 0.000000e+00
3 0.600476e+02 0.128509e+01 0.000000e+00
4 0.456807e+01 0.680774e+02 0.684277e+01 0.000000e+00
5 -0.182269e+01 0.931860e+01 0.559086e+02 -0.242923e+01 0.000000e+00
6 0.584994e+01 -0.197137e+00 -0.143585e+01 0.560372e+02 0.550432e+02
7 0.542294e+02 0.262080e+01 0.157417e+01 0.286038e+01 0.354815e+01
8 -0.910697e+00 -0.171964e+01 -0.226769e+01 0.234255e+00 0.353624e+00
9 0.127740e+02 -0.660645e+00 0.105756e+01 0.138880e+00 0.394360e+00
10 -0.567264e+01 0.266271e+02 -0.699972e+00 -0.241535e+01 -0.489788e+00
11 0.164453e+01 -0.268724e+01 -0.937484e+00 0.216974e+01 0.106543e+01
12 -0.151676e+00 0.354374e+01 -0.209327e-01 -0.195212e+00 0.202971e-01
13 0.273307e-01 -0.203135e+00 -0.110701e-01 0.861538e-01 -0.110135e-01
14 -0.573171e-02 0.214964e-01 -0.184033e-01 0.364860e-01 0.606920e-02
15 0.283181e-03 -0.681593e-01 -0.119171e-01 -0.686958e-02 -0.806671e-02
16 -0.179097e-01 0.546512e-01 -0.100820e-01 -0.920151e-02 -0.545025e-02
17 -0.680697e-02 0.330910e-01 -0.882713e-02 -0.702130e-02 -0.904883e-02
18 0.191358e+01 0.897776e+01 0.174601e+03 -0.160680e+01 0.132934e+01
19 0.501936e+01 -0.148977e+01 -0.106646e+01 0.170506e+03 0.788318e+01
20 0.750686e+01 -0.187707e+01 0.372143e+01 0.779846e+01 0.171860e+03
21 -0.176860e+01 0.970217e+01 0.842497e+01 0.298143e+01 0.224798e+01
22 0.277835e+01 -0.277276e-01 0.969619e+00 -0.622222e-01 0.282413e+00
23 -0.313601e-01 0.159815e+00 0.128057e+00 -0.108106e+00 -0.142940e+00
24 -0.664854e+00 -0.103596e+00 -0.525825e+00 -0.150942e+00 -0.168649e+00
25 0.238097e+00 -0.203976e+00 0.139855e+00 -0.223460e+00 -0.160727e+00
26 0.939240e-01 0.520710e+01 0.143495e+00 0.474836e+00 -0.177345e-01
27 -0.217367e-01 -0.193976e-01 -0.402727e-01 -0.116617e-01 -0.391614e-01
28 0.215782e-01 -0.257971e-01 -0.524527e-02 0.847063e-02 -0.812533e-02
29 -0.351691e-01 -0.201438e-01 -0.349724e-01 -0.349667e-01 -0.404346e-01
30 -0.242743e-01 0.273895e-01 -0.272225e-01 -0.321191e-01 -0.270577e-01
31 -0.426292e-01 -0.650232e-01 -0.353929e-01 -0.500703e-01 -0.408613e-01
6 7 8 9 10
6 0.000000e+00
7 -0.936388e+00 0.000000e+00
8 -0.771894e+00 0.347601e+02 0.000000e+00
9 -0.780112e-02 0.398653e+02 -0.240450e+01 0.000000e+00
10 -0.392030e+00 0.810380e+00 0.197957e+00 -0.160651e+01 0.000000e+00
11 -0.104303e+01 -0.473339e+00 -0.181607e+00 -0.779374e-01 0.226143e+02
12 -0.418416e-02 0.624987e-02 0.108646e-01 0.296996e-01 -0.666498e+01
13 -0.164417e-02 0.805055e-02 -0.327675e-02 0.224641e+00 -0.228145e+01
14 -0.896018e-02 0.467393e-02 -0.116081e-01 0.402774e-01 -0.187870e+01
15 -0.165742e-01 0.116181e-01 0.491196e-02 0.149563e-02 0.192684e+00
16 -0.108811e-01 0.914469e-02 -0.545833e-02 -0.108184e-02 -0.210964e+00
17 -0.781403e-02 -0.580951e-02 0.118073e-02 0.154451e-02 -0.486910e+00
18 0.897380e+01 0.424211e+01 -0.172328e+00 -0.184136e+00 -0.138291e+01
19 0.657396e+00 0.147826e+01 -0.523860e-01 -0.111425e+00 -0.128888e+01
20 0.288321e+01 0.315703e+00 -0.304020e-01 0.395279e+00 0.305902e+00
21 0.172066e+03 0.353312e+00 0.257543e+00 -0.827528e-01 -0.546139e+00
22 -0.173817e+00 -0.561225e+01 -0.231104e+01 0.132923e+03 -0.212803e+01
23 0.678972e-01 -0.325811e+01 -0.333356e+01 0.132717e+03 -0.117255e+01
24 -0.364090e-01 -0.559051e+01 -0.226053e+01 0.135664e+03 -0.191640e+01
25 0.288697e-01 -0.154002e-01 0.732688e-01 0.389421e-01 -0.649423e+01
26 0.329439e-01 0.113114e+00 -0.489852e-01 0.437129e-02 -0.178242e+01
27 -0.350781e-01 0.331257e-01 0.692445e-01 0.162228e+00 -0.233797e+00
28 -0.105914e-01 0.449153e-01 -0.421949e-01 -0.847419e-02 0.406464e+00
29 -0.346255e-01 -0.126815e-01 0.298766e-01 -0.190825e-02 -0.931165e-01
30 -0.306026e-01 -0.103474e-01 -0.750491e-02 -0.276690e-01 -0.387865e+00
31 -0.391694e-01 -0.160436e-01 0.129641e-01 -0.278777e-01 0.273425e+00
11 12 13 14 15
11 0.000000e+00
12 0.467564e+02 0.000000e+00
13 0.881448e+00 0.579819e+02 0.000000e+00
14 0.716385e+01 0.607427e+02 -0.991284e+00 0.000000e+00
15 0.287998e+01 -0.194597e+01 0.565281e+02 0.934983e+01 0.000000e+00
16 0.463881e+01 -0.181340e+01 0.936084e+01 0.570706e+02 -0.196049e+01
17 -0.832936e+00 0.976863e+01 -0.230035e+01 -0.238944e+01 0.563671e+02
18 0.347788e+00 -0.479532e-01 -0.301202e-01 -0.153968e-01 -0.317186e-01
19 -0.613594e+00 -0.614702e-01 -0.591356e-02 -0.214354e-01 -0.272421e-01
20 -0.798555e+00 -0.729967e-01 -0.474076e-01 -0.464470e-01 -0.396436e-01
21 0.344045e+00 0.304264e-01 -0.320892e-01 -0.199989e-01 -0.343410e-01
22 -0.139634e+00 -0.155831e-02 0.451784e-01 0.122067e-01 0.391645e-01
23 -0.134584e-01 0.977362e-01 0.117129e+00 -0.112740e-01 0.573879e-01
24 0.665500e-01 0.205558e+00 0.291200e+00 0.203071e+00 0.185938e+00
25 0.153013e+03 -0.385235e+01 0.209834e+01 0.268836e+01 -0.176283e+01
26 0.142234e+03 -0.500715e+01 0.583433e+01 0.533312e+01 0.248117e+00
27 0.369337e+01 0.145248e+01 0.169852e+03 0.667599e+01 0.211325e+01
28 0.506080e+01 0.185510e+01 0.654919e+01 0.167717e+03 -0.133186e+01
29 0.423633e+00 0.746968e+01 0.289356e+01 -0.155984e+01 0.169140e+03
30 0.836116e+00 0.788074e+01 -0.154829e+01 0.321592e+01 0.768037e+01
31 0.492733e+00 -0.167308e+01 0.769284e+01 0.771146e+01 0.274931e+01
16 17 18 19 20
16 0.000000e+00
17 0.563437e+02 0.000000e+00
18 -0.277881e-01 -0.310893e-01 0.000000e+00
19 -0.468903e-01 -0.349754e-01 0.674547e-01 0.000000e+00
20 -0.356008e-01 -0.399449e-01 0.811357e+01 0.392889e+00 0.000000e+00
21 -0.286906e-01 -0.390021e-01 0.982516e+00 0.850918e+01 0.770379e+01
22 -0.203361e-02 0.179088e-01 -0.123824e+00 -0.325991e+00 -0.126917e+00
23 -0.183104e-01 -0.239046e-01 -0.232345e+00 -0.960356e-01 -0.229829e+00
24 0.681006e-01 0.727167e-01 -0.256214e+00 -0.111619e+00 -0.344057e+00
25 -0.136226e+01 0.151444e+01 -0.316609e+00 0.782397e+00 -0.204809e+00
26 -0.225132e+00 0.345762e+00 -0.151636e+00 0.203399e+00 -0.125574e+00
27 -0.137205e+01 0.759751e+01 -0.156822e+00 0.861828e-01 -0.164811e+00
28 0.183143e+01 0.740244e+01 -0.735917e-01 -0.173018e-01 -0.960416e-01
29 0.774362e+01 0.275865e+01 -0.141085e+00 -0.948004e-01 -0.145096e+00
30 0.169995e+03 0.256469e+01 -0.110523e+00 -0.130983e+00 -0.125583e+00
31 0.262752e+01 0.168413e+03 -0.137933e+00 -0.152079e+00 -0.141287e+00
21 22 23 24 25
21 0.000000e+00
22 -0.233295e+00 0.000000e+00
23 -0.302229e+00 -0.117659e+02 0.000000e+00
24 -0.312839e+00 -0.176690e+02 -0.189160e+02 0.000000e+00
25 -0.824478e-01 -0.283764e+00 -0.471927e-01 -0.276491e+00 0.000000e+00
26 -0.166512e+00 -0.203046e+00 -0.165616e+00 0.266305e+00 -0.146540e+02
27 -0.109422e+00 0.721405e-02 0.545424e+00 0.526054e+00 -0.123076e+01
28 -0.750264e-01 -0.135673e+00 -0.160647e+00 0.100742e+00 -0.118033e+01
29 -0.135413e+00 -0.296749e-02 0.458369e-01 0.741089e-01 0.247293e+00
30 -0.124059e+00 -0.112653e+00 -0.192132e+00 -0.549934e-01 0.318556e+00
31 -0.143265e+00 -0.841207e-01 -0.136539e+00 -0.619821e-01 -0.141302e+01
26 27 28 29 30
26 0.000000e+00
27 -0.934817e+00 0.000000e+00
28 0.172890e+00 0.118621e+01 0.000000e+00
29 0.126856e+00 0.807384e+01 0.223449e+00 0.000000e+00
30 0.345871e-01 0.259443e+00 0.796643e+01 0.609036e+00 0.000000e+00
31 -0.636999e+00 0.563246e+00 0.501209e+00 0.766542e+01 0.777868e+01
31
31 0.000000e+00
答案 0 :(得分：3)
awk -v row=19 -v col=4 '
# a header row contains only blanks and digits
! /[^[:blank:][:digit:]]/ {
if ($1 <= col && col <= $NF) {
for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) { if ($i == col) field=i+1 }
}
next
}
$1 == row && field {print $field; exit}
' file
0.170506e+03
答案 1 :(得分：1)
看起来这些标签用作字段分隔符和布局空间。如果是这种情况，那么以下将提供更通用的解决方案，因为矩阵元素可以是任何东西：
awk -F\\t -v row=19 -v col=19 '
# a header row is assumed to have "" in column 1
0+$1 == 0 {
# Guard against trailing tabs:
while (NF>1 && 0+$NF == 0) {NF--}
if (col <= $NF) { field = 2 + col - $2}
next
}
$1 == row && field {print $field; exit}
'
}
这也直接计算col的值而不是搜索它，但这是以检查尾随制表符为代价的。
（您可以考虑修改格式，以便可以可靠地检测标题，例如在第一个字段中输入“0”。）