＆＃39; numpy.ndarray＆＃39;对象没有属性＆＃39;找到＆＃39;在尝试生成boxplot时？

Question

我正在尝试生成一个盒子图。这是我的代码，数据如下：

def loadData(fileName):
 data = pd.read_csv(fileName, quotechar='"')
    cols = data.columns.tolist()

    cols = cols[1:] + [ cols[0] ]
    data = data[cols]
    return data.values

cols={}
cols['close/last']=0
cols['volumne']=1
cols['open']=2
cols['high']=3
cols['low']=4
cols['date']=5

fileName = 'microsoft.csv'

def boxplot():
    data1 = loadData(fileName)
    ithattr1 = cols['high']
    ithattr2 = cols['close/last']
    dataset1 = data1[:,ithattr1]
    dataset2 = data1[:,ithattr2]

    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
    ax.boxplot([dataset1,dataset2])
    plt.show()


boxplot()

数据是浮点数，由输出结果由print命令验证 <type 'float'>。在运行代码时，我收到以下错误（下面的完整堆栈跟踪）

AttributeError: 'numpy.ndarray' object has no attribute 'find'

我的数据（例如在dataset1中）看起来像这样

[52.21 52.2 52.44 52.65 52.33 51.58 51.38 51.68 51.97 53.4163 54.07 53.1
 52.85 53.28 53.485 54.4001 55.39 54.8 56.19 56.78 56.85 55.95 55.96 55.88
 55.48 55.35 56.0 56.79 56.245 55.9 55.21 55.1 55.655 55.87 56.1 55.97
.........................................
 27.54 27.66 28.02 28.05 27.97 28.19 28.13]

data.shape = (756,)

的输出

数据文件格式：

2016/01/29,97.3400,64332440.0000,94.7900,97.3400,94.3500
2016/01/28,94.0900,55622370.0000,93.7900,94.5200,92.3900
2016/01/27,93.4200,133059000.0000,96.0400,96.6289,93.3400
2016/01/26,99.9900,71937310.0000,99.9300,100.8800,98.0700
2016/01/25,99.4400,51529980.0000,101.5200,101.5300,99.2100

堆栈跟踪

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "plot_curves.py", line 100, in <module>
    boxplot()
  File "plot_curves.py", line 96, in boxplot
    ax.boxplot([dataset1,dataset2])
  File "/home/rohit/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 3118, in boxplot
    manage_xticks=manage_xticks)
  File "/home/rohit/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 3480, in bxp
    flier_x, flier_y, **final_flierprops
  File "/home/rohit/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 3361, in doplot
    return self.plot(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/rohit/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 1373, in plot
    for line in self._get_lines(*args, **kwargs):
  File "/home/rohit/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 304, in _grab_next_args
    for seg in self._plot_args(remaining, kwargs):
  File "/home/rohit/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 263, in _plot_args
    linestyle, marker, color = _process_plot_format(tup[-1])
  File "/home/rohit/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 85, in _process_plot_format
    if fmt.find('--') >= 0:
AttributeError: 'numpy.ndarray' object has no attribute 'find'

有人有任何想法，如何解决？

Answer 1

问题的直接原因是dataset1和dataset2为ndarray类型，为dtype == object 。

虽然您的值是以float类型读入的，但是当您访问返回的values数组的列时（在dataset1 = data1[:,ithattr1]行），dtype是更改为object（因为您实际上是逐行提取数据，然后提取列而numpy在行中同时包含浮点数和字符串，因此必须强制转换为最具体的 common 数据类型 - object）。

你可以通过以下几种方式解决这个问题。一个是简单地将数组放入列表中，此时Python强制将浮点数看作浮点数，即更改

ax.boxplot([dataset1,dataset2])

到

ax.boxplot([list(dataset1),list(dataset2)])

另一种是添加明确设置类型的行：

dataset1 = dataset1.astype(np.float)
dataset2 = dataset2.astype(np.float)

当您按索引访问列中包含不同数据类型的pandas数据帧或numpy数组时，这是一个难题。这很难调试（花了我一段时间来解决这个问题而且我以前见过它 - 看编辑历史）

然而 ，您通过数字索引处理数据的方式也意味着您最终需要重新排序列等，以方便loadData功能。更好的方法是让大熊猫在类型上做所有繁重的工作......

作为一个例子 - 我把你的代码放入（我认为）更传统的pandas / python写作中。它有点短，不需要黑客将数据更改为我上面给你的列表。代码在下面，输出图表（使用您问题中的输入数据片段）

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

def loadData(filename,cols):
    data = pd.read_csv(filename, quotechar='"',names=cols,header=None)
    return data

def boxplot(filename,cols):
    data1 = loadData(filename,cols)

    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

    ax.boxplot([data1['high'],data1['close/last']])
    plt.show()

cols=['date','close/last','volume','open','high','low']
filename = 'microsoft.csv'

boxplot(filename,cols)

输出