ERRORLEVEL是大多数cmd.exe命令在根据一系列条件结束更改时返回的值，因此知道命令返回的值是有助于编写更好的批处理文件的有用信息。所有外部.exe程序在结束时都会更改ERRORLEVEL（这是ExitProcess和TerminateProcess Win-32 API函数的固有机制），并且通常会记录此类值，但
具有部分ERRORLEVEL值的表出现在this question，但仅适用于设置ERRORLEVEL = 0＆＃34;成功时的内部命令＆＃34;。我建议修改这个问题的OP，以便还包括＆＃34;不成功的命令＆＃34;返回的值，但他拒绝并邀请我发布我自己的问题/答案，所以在这里！您必须注意，ERRORLEVEL不等于零 not 必然意味着命令失败！有些命令以无错误结束并返回大于零的值以指示不同的退出状态＆＃34;，包括内部命令（如SET /P）。
为了更好地使用Batch .bat文件中的内置cmd.exe命令，我们需要知道它们返回的ERRORLEVEL值以及此管理中涉及的机制。所以问题是，哪个内部cmd.exe命令将ERRORLEVEL设置为任何值（包括零）？
答案 0 :(得分：30)
在本回答中，描述了所有内部cmd.exe命令返回的ERRORLEVEL值;它们按值的更改方式分组，并显示为快速参考表。我查看了其他类似的表来组装这个表，但是通过在Windows 8.1计算机中执行的测试来填充缺失的值。我尽最大努力创建完整而精确的表格，但我没有测试过这里报告的每个值，因此它可能是微妙的不一致。
表1 - 不更改先前ERRORLEVEL值的命令
BREAK
ECHO
ENDLOCAL
FOR Not change the ERRORLEVEL by itself. See "Exit Code" below.
IF Not change the ERRORLEVEL by itself.
PAUSE
RD Not change the ERRORLEVEL on errors, but the "Exit Code". See below.
REM
RMDIR Same as RD.
SET Plain SET command (no arguments). See "Table 3" below.
TITLE
表2 - 根据结果将ERRORLEVEL设置为0或1的命令
Command │ Set ERRORLEVEL = 0 when │ Set ERRORLEVEL = 1 when
────────┼───────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
CD │Current directory was changed. │Directory not exists or is not accessible.
CHDIR │Same as CD. │
COLOR │Color was changed. │Background and foreground colors are the same.
COPY │File(s) was processed. │File not found or bad parameters given.
DATE │Date was changed or not given. │User has no admin privileges.
DEL │Almost always, excepting when: │Bad or no parameters given.
DIR │Same as COPY. │
ERASE │Same as DEL. │
MD │Directory was created. │Directory could not be created.
MKDIR │Same as MD. │
MKLINK │Link was created. │Link could not be created or bad parameters given.
MOVE │File(s) was moved/renamed. │File not found, could not be moved/renamed or bad parameters.
PUSHD │Same as CD. │+ Bad switch given.
REN │Same as MOVE. │
RENAME │Same as MOVE. │
SETLOCAL│New environment was created. │Bad parameters given.
TIME │Time was changed or not given. │User has no admin privileges.
TYPE │Same as COPY. │
VERIFY │Right or no parameters given. │Bad parameters given.
VOL │Volume label was displayed. │Drive not found or bad parameters given.
表3 - 出错时设置ERRORLEVEL的命令;否则，不要改变它
Command │E│ Set ERRORLEVEL to = when
─────────────┼─┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ASSOC │*│1 = Extension associations could not be changed.
CLS │ │1 = Bad switch given.
DPATH │*│1 = Data path could not be established.
FTYPE │*│1 = File type associations could not be changed.
GOTO label │ │1 = Label not exist *in a subroutine* (equivalent to: EXIT /B 1).
KEYS │ │1 = Bad switch given.
PATH │*│1 = Path could not be changed.
POPD │ │1 = Bad switch given.
PROMPT |*│1 = Prompt could not be changed.
SET var │*│1 = No variable with such name exists.
SET var=value│*│1 = Variable name start with "/" not enclosed in quotes.
SET /P │*│1 = Read an empty line or at end of file.
SET /A │*│1073750988 = Unbalanced parentheses, 1073750989 = Missing operand,
│ │1073750990 = Syntax error, 1073750991 = Invalid number,
│ │1073750992 = Number larger than 32-bits, 1073750993 = Division by zero.
SHIFT │ │1 = Bad switch given.
＆＃34; E＆＃34;表3中的列表示那些根据＆＃34; Extensions＆＃34;相应地改变其行为的命令。状态如相应的文档中所述。启用扩展时（默认设置）并将这些命令放在扩展名为.CMD而不是.BAT的文件中，这些命令设置为SETERRORLEVEL = 0，当它们没有错误结束时，即表3中描述的条件不存在。
表4 - 特殊情况
CALL Table1 │If the called command is anyone of Table 1 (excepting FOR and IF): set ERRORLEVEL = 0.
CALL subroutine │If the subroutine is called, not change prior ERRORLEVEL value;
│otherwise (subroutine not exists): set ERRORLEVEL = 1.
EXIT /B, EXIT │Not change prior ERRORLEVEL value.
EXIT /B number │Set ERRORLEVEL to given number.
EXIT number │Ends cmd.exe and set its returning ERRORLEVEL value to given number.
START command │If command is started, not change ERRORLEVEL; otherwise, set ERRORLEVEL = 9059.
START /WAIT bat |When the started Batch file end, set ERRORLEVEL = value from 'EXIT number' commmand.
notExist │If a non-existent command is entered for execution, set ERRORLEVEL = 9009.
VER │Set ERRORLEVEL = 0 almost always. If /? parameter is given, not change ERRORLEVEL.
退出代码管理
有两种方法可以测试ERRORLEVEL值：via IF ERRORLEVEL / IF %ERRORLEVEL%命令，或使用command && thenCmd when ERRORLEVEL is 0 || elseCmd when ERRORLEVEL is not 0构造。但是，某些特定命令和重定向错误返回的值仅在第二种情况下有效，并且不反映在ERRORLEVEL中;我们可以打电话给＃34;退出代码＆＃34;这个价值。当此退出代码不为零时，可以将其传递给ERRORLEVEL，执行elseCmd部分中表1的任何命令。您可以在this post了解有关此事的更多详细信息。
表5 - 设置退出代码的命令或功能
Feature │ Set Exit Code to = when
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
command │1 = Command not exist (when ERRORLEVEL = 9009).
redirection │1 = File not exists in "<", path not exists or access denied in ">" ">>".
drive: |1 = Drive unit not exists.
POPD |1 = No matching PUSHD was previously executed.
RD │1 = Bad switch given, 2 = Directory not found, 5 = Access denied,
│32 = Directory in use, 145 = Directory not empty.
FOR /F │1 = No data was processed.
例如，要测试是否发生重定向错误，请使用：
command > C:\Path\that\does\not\exist\file.txt || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous redirection failed
在此示例中，rem命令用于将退出代码复制到ERRORLEVEL，但可以使用保留ERRORLEVEL的任何其他内部命令（FOR和IF除外）
测试驱动单元是否存在：
U: || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous set current drive to U: unit failed
更多例子：
rd c:\Some\directory 2> NUL || rem
if %errorlevel% equ 0 (
echo Directory deleted
) else if %errorlevel% equ 2 (
echo Directory not found
) else if %errorlevel% equ 5 (
echo Can not access the directory, check rights
) else if %errorlevel% equ 32 (
echo Can not delete current directory
) else if %errorlevel% equ 145 (
echo Directory is not empty, use /S switch
)
(for /F "options" %%a in (input.txt) do echo %%a) || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous FOR didn't processed any value