Question

在python中我试图创建一个简单的游戏，玩家选择下一个洞穴，同时试图避开wumpus。在设置初始洞穴结构时，它会以某种方式停止并且永远不会开始游戏，并出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/JPagz95/Documents/Hunt_the_Wumpus_3.py", line 80, in <module>
    link_caves()
  File "/Users/JPagz95/Documents/Hunt_the_Wumpus_3.py", line 28, in link_caves
    this_cave = choose_cave(visited_caves)
  File "/Users/JPagz95/Documents/Hunt_the_Wumpus_3.py", line 50, in choose_cave
    cave_number = choice(cave_list)
  File "/Users/JPagz95/anaconda/lib/python3.5/random.py", line 253, in choice
    i = self._randbelow(len(seq))
KeyboardInterrupt

这是我目前的游戏代码。任何帮助表示赞赏：）

from random import choice

cave_numbers = [x for x in range(20)]
unvisited_caves = [x for x in range(20)]
visited_caves = []

def setup_caves(cave_numbers):
    """ create a starting list of caves """
    caves = []
    for number in cave_numbers:
        caves.append(number)
    return caves

def visit_cave(cave_number):
    """ mark a cave as visited """
    visited_caves.append(cave_number)
    unvisited_caves.remove(cave_number)

def print_caves():
    """ print out the current cave structure """
    for number in cave_numbers:
        print (number, ":", caves[number])
    print ('----------')

def link_caves():
    """ make sure all of the caves are connected with two way tunnels"""
    while unvisited_caves != []:
        this_cave = choose_cave(visited_caves)
        next_cave = choose_cave(unvisited_caves)
    create_tunnel(this_cave, next_cave)
    visit_cave(next_cave)

def create_tunnel(cave_from, cave_to):
    """ create a tunnel between cave_from and cave_to """
    caves[cave_from].append(cave_to)
    caves[cave_to].append(cave_from)

def finish_caves():
    """ link the rest of the caves with one way tunnels """
    for caves in cave_numbers:
        while len(caves) < 3:
            passage_to = choose_cave(cave_numbers)
            caves[cave].append(passage_to)

def choose_cave(cave_list):
    """ pick a cave from a list, provided that the
    cave has less than 3 tunnels """
    cave_number = choice(cave_list)
    while len(caves) >= 3:
        cave_number = choice(cave_list)
    return cave_number

def print_location(player_location):
    """ tell the player about where they are """
    print ("You are in a cave ", player_location)
    print ("From here you can see caves: ")
    print (caves[player_location])
    if wumpus_location in caves[player_location]:
        print ("I smell a wumpus!")

def get_next_location():
    """ Get the player's next location """
    print ("Which cave next?")
    player_input = input(">")
    if (not player_input.isdigit() or
        int(player_input) not in
            caves[player_location]):
        print (player_input + "?")
        print ("That's not a direction I can see!")
        return none
    else:
        return int(player_input)

caves = setup_caves(cave_numbers)

visit_cave(0)
print_caves()
link_caves()
print_caves()
finish_caves()

wumpus_location = choice(cave_numbers)
player_location = choice(cave_numbers)
while player_location == wumpus_location:
    player_location = choice(cave_numbers)

print ("Welcome to Hunt the Wumpus!")
print ("You can see ", len(cave_numbers), " caves")
print ("To play, just type the number")
print ("of the cave you wish to enter next")

while True:
    print_location(player_location)
    new_location = get_next_location()
    if new_location != None:
        player_location = new_location
    if player_location == wumpus_location:
        print ("Aargh! You got eaten by a wumpus!")

Answer 1

首先：

visited_caves = []

然后：

link_caves()

然后：

this_cave = choose_cave(visited_caves)

然后：

cave_number = choice(cave_list)

您发送的list为空random.choice()，但失败了。

将link_caves()更改为仅处理非空list：

def link_caves():
    """ make sure all of the caves are connected with two way tunnels"""
    if not (visited_caves and unvisited_caves):
        return
    this_cave = choose_cave(visited_caves)
    next_cave = choose_cave(unvisited_caves)
    create_tunnel(this_cave, next_cave)
    visit_cave(next_cave)

请注意，如果此函数未向random.choice()传递无效参数，则它将被卡住，因为它使用while循环，其中条件永远不会更改。我注意到您也在choose_cave()中使用while len(caves) >= 3: cave_number = choice(cave_list)执行此操作。此特定代码段将检查caves的长度，如果是>= 3，则从cave_list中选择一个随机洞穴。然后它将检查caves的长度，找到它与以前相同，永远选择一个随机洞穴等。也许您期望random.choice()从传递的序列中删除其选定的项目。它没有这样做。如果需要，您可以通过多种方式将其删除，例如在选择随机caves.remove(cave_number)后执行cave_number。

请注意，除了提示您问题的问题以及我指出的其他问题之外，代码中可能还有其他错误。

Answer 2

TigerhawkT3详细解答。

我最近查看了此代码的一个版本，您可以通过一个小的更改解决一个问题。通过缩进最后两行来修复link_caves（）函数中的拼写错误，以便它们位于＆＃39; while＆＃39;循环：

def link_caves():
    """ make sure all of the caves are connected with two way tunnels"""
    while unvisited_caves != []:
        this_cave = choose_cave(visited_caves)
        next_cave = choose_cave(unvisited_caves)
        create_tunnel(this_cave, next_cave)
        visit_cave(next_cave)

该更改应创建所需的隧道，并且每次循环都会调用visit_cave（）。 visit_cave（）的最后一行从unvisited_caves列表中删除了正确的洞穴，这是TigerhawkT3提到的必要条件。

你还有一些问题需要修复，以完成初始化并让游戏运行。

traceback语句将显示从哪里开始查看。

您可以添加print语句来显示洞穴列表，以帮助您在代码挂起之前对其进行调试。

如果将洞穴数量更改为4-5而不是20的小洞穴，则在调试时可能更容易查看输出。

在python中启动游戏时遇到问题。游戏永远不会启动，下面的错误会显示出来

2 个答案: