Python:允许未明确定义的方法被称为ala __getattr__

时间:2010-08-08 15:49:09

标签: python class methods

我正在尝试编写一个能够执行以下操作的Python类:

c = MyClass()
a = c.A("a name for A") # Calls internally c.create("A", "a name for A")
b = c.B("a name for B") # Calls internally c.create("B", "a name for B")

A和B可以是任何东西(好吧,它们是在数据库中定义的,但我不想在我的代码中明确定义它们)

一个hacky解决方法是执行以下操作:

class MyClass():
    def __init__(self):
        self.createItem = ""

    def create(self, itemType, itemName):
        print "Creating item %s with name %s" % (itemType, itemName)

    def create_wrapper(self, name):
        self.create(self.createItem, name)

    def __getattr__(self, attrName):
        self.createItem = attrName
        return self.create_wrapper

当用户调用类似的内容时,这将起作用:

a = c.A("nameA")
b = c.B("nameB")

但是,在没有被调用的情况下存储函数指针的情况下它会被忽略:

aFunc = c.A
bFunc = c.B
aFunc("nameA") # Is actually calling c.create("B", "nameA"),
               # as c.B was the last __getattr__() call
bFunc("nameB")

对于我在这里缺少的任何建议?

由于

编辑:我似乎只想出了这个,但菲利普有一个更优雅的解决方案......

我的解决方案是:

class MyClassCreator():
    def __init__(self, origClass, itemType):
        self.origClass = origClass
        self.itemType = itemType

    def create_wrapper(self, name):
        return self.origClass.create(self.itemType, name)

class MyClass():
    def __init__(self):
        self.createItem = ""

    def create(self, itemType, itemName):
        print "Creating item %s with name %s" % (itemType, itemName)

    def __getattr__(self, attrName):
        return MyClassCreator(self, attrName).create_wrapper

我实际上最终使用的版本(因为我需要比单个参数更复杂):(我不知道是否可以使用lambda函数完成...)

def __getattr__(self, attrName):
    def find_entity_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        return self.find_entity(attrName, *args, **kwargs)

    return find_entity_wrapper

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:8)

__getattr__返回本地包装函数:

class MyClass(object):
    def create(self, itemType, itemName):
        print "Creating item %s with name %s" % (itemType, itemName)

    def __getattr__(self, attrName):
        def create_wrapper(name):
            self.create(attrName, name)
        return create_wrapper

还有其他方法可以创建包装函数。在这种情况下,最简单的方法是使用functools.partial

import functools

class MyClass(object):
    def create(self, itemType, itemName, *args, **kwargs):
        print "Creating item %s with name %s, args %r and kwargs %r" % (itemType, itemName, args, kwargs)

    def __getattr__(self, attrName):
        return functools.partial(self.create, attrName)

c = MyClass()
bFunc = c.B
bFunc("nameB", 1, 2, foo=3)

这将自动将所有剩余的args传递给包装函数。

答案 1 :(得分:6)

你可以通过简化来获得你想要的东西:

class MyClass():

    def create(self, itemType, itemName):
        print "Creating item %s with name %s" % (itemType, itemName)

    def __getattr__(self, attrName):
        return lambda x: self.create(attrName, x)

c = MyClass()
a = c.A("nameA")
b = c.B("nameB")


af = c.A
bf = c.B
af("nameA")
bf("nameB")

打印:

Creating item A with name nameA
Creating item B with name nameB
Creating item A with name nameA
Creating item B with name nameB