如何在迷宫中找到最快的路线(在C中)

时间:2015-12-13 21:07:00

标签: c recursion maze

迷宫被定义为方阵。 例如:

int maze[N][N] =
  { { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
    { 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 },
    { 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
    { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 },
    { 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 },
    { 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 },
    { 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 } };

你只能在有1的地方行走。 你可以向下,向上,向左,向右。 你从左上角开始,在右下角完成。

输出应该是完成任何迷宫的最小步骤。 我们可以假设至少有一种方法可以完成迷宫。 我编辑了代码,我认为我涵盖了所有内容......但显然我错过了一些东西。 谢谢你的帮助

int path_help(int maze[][N], int row, int col, int count)
{
    int copy1[N][N], copy2[N][N], copy3[N][N];
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
        {
            copy1[i][j] = maze[i][j];
            copy2[i][j] = maze[i][j];
            copy3[i][j] = maze[i][j];
        }
    }
    int a, b, c, d;
    if (col == 0 || row == 0)
    {
        if (row == N - 1)
        {
            if (maze[row][col + 1] == 1)
            {
                maze[row][col] = 0;
                return path_help(maze, row, col + 1, count + 1);
            }
            else return N*N;
        }
        if (col == N - 1)
        {
            if (maze[row + 1][col] == 1)
            {
                maze[row][col] = 0;
                return path_help(maze, row + 1, col, count + 1);
            }
            else return N*N;
        }
        if (maze[row][col + 1] == 1 && maze[row + 1][col] == 1)
        {
            maze[row][col] = 0;
            copy1[row][col] = 0;
            return min(path_help(copy1, row, col + 1, count + 1),path_help(maze, row + 1, col, count + 1));
    }
    if (maze[row][col + 1] == 0 && maze[row + 1][col] == 1)
    {
        maze[row][col] = 0;
        return path_help(maze, row + 1, col, count + 1);
    }
    if (maze[row + 1][col] == 0 && maze[row][col + 1] == 1)
    {
        maze[row][col] = 0;
        return path_help(maze, row, col + 1, count + 1);
    }
    else return N*N;
}
if (col == N - 1 || row == N - 1)
{
    if (col == N - 1 && row == N - 1) return count;
    if (row == N - 1)
    {
        if (maze[row - 1][col] == 1 && maze[row][col + 1] == 1)
        {
            maze[row][col] = 0;
            copy1[row][col] = 0;
            return min(path_help(copy1, row, col + 1, count + 1), path_help(maze, row - 1, col, count + 1));
        }

        if (maze[row - 1][col] == 0 && maze[row][col + 1] == 1)
        {
            maze[row][col] = 0;
            return path_help(maze, row, col + 1, count + 1);
        }
        if (maze[row][col + 1] == 0 && maze[row - 1][col] == 1)
        {
            maze[row][col] = 0;
            return path_help(maze, row - 1, col, count + 1);
        }
        else return N*N;
    }
    if (col == N - 1)
    {
        if (maze[row + 1][col] == 1 && maze[row][col - 1] == 1)
        {
            maze[row][col] = 0;
            copy1[row][col] = 0;
            return min(path_help(copy1, row, col - 1, count + 1), path_help(maze, row + 1, col, count + 1));
        }

        if (maze[row + 1][col] == 0 && maze[row][col - 1] == 1)
        {
            maze[row][col] = 0;
            return path_help(maze, row, col - 1, count + 1);
        }
        if (maze[row][col - 1] == 0 && maze[row + 1][col] == 1)
        {
            maze[row][col] = 0;
            return path_help(maze, row + 1, col, count + 1);
        }
        else return N*N;
    }
}
if (maze[row + 1][col] == 1)
{
    maze[row][col] = 0;
    a = path_help(maze, row + 1, col, count + 1);
}
else a = N*N;
if (maze[row - 1][col] == 1)
{
    copy1[row][col] = 0;
    b = path_help(copy1, row - 1, col, count + 1);
}
else b = N*N;
if (maze[row][col + 1] == 1)
{
    copy2[row][col] = 0;
    c = path_help(copy2, row, col + 1, count + 1);
}
else c = N*N;
if (maze[row][col - 1] == 1)
{
    copy3[row][col] = 0;
    d = path_help(copy3, row, col - 1, count + 1);
}
else d = N*N;
return min(min(a, b),min( c, d));

}

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

因为在@Jackson链接的问题中没有Dijkstra's algorithm的解决方案,所以这是一个适用于这个迷宫问题的修改算法。我将迷宫值0视为禁忌,1作为算法的距离。

看起来neigh()函数应该是递归的,但事实并非如此,只有那样才能以相同的方式检查4个邻居。请注意,并非所有路径都遵循:对于可能为O(否!)的大型迷宫。此外,搜索不是定向到终点:遇到终点,算法的这些功能赋予它美感。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

#define MSIZE  7                            // matrix/maze dims

enum ntype { virgin, listed, visited };     // for status field

typedef struct {
    int x;                                  // grid position of node
    int y;                                  // grid position of node
    int value;                              // 0 or 1 as defined in maze[][]
    int dist;                               // distance from start node
    int status;                             // enum as above
} node_t;

int maze[MSIZE][MSIZE] =                     // maze definition
  { { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
    { 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 },
    { 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
    { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 },
    { 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 },
    { 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 },
    { 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 } };

node_t node [MSIZE][MSIZE];                 // working array
node_t *list[MSIZE*MSIZE];                  // array of current node pointers
int listlen;                                // num elements in list[]

void neigh(node_t *cptr, int dx, int dy)
// examine one neighbour of node cptr, offset by dx,dy
{
    node_t *nptr;                           // pointer to neighbour
    int dist;                               // accumulated distance from start
    int x = cptr->x + dx;                   // work out neighbour coords
    int y = cptr->y + dy;                   // work out neighbour coords
    if (x < 0 || x >= MSIZE || y < 0 || y >= MSIZE)
        return;                             // failed edge test    
    nptr = &node[y][x];                     // point to neighbour
    if (nptr->value == 0)                   // no-go node
        return;
    if (nptr->status == visited)            // do no re-visit
        return;

    dist = cptr->dist + nptr->value;        // accumulate distance from start
    if (dist < nptr->dist)                  // if it's less than what was known...
        nptr->dist = dist;                  // ...update with the new distance
    if (nptr->status == virgin) {           // if it's never been seen...
        list[listlen++] = nptr;             // ... neighbour to list
        nptr->status = listed;              // and set its status
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    int i, j, smallest, smallind;
    node_t *cptr, *eptr;

    // init the struct array
    for (j=0; j<MSIZE; j++) {
        for (i=0; i<MSIZE; i++) {
            cptr = &node[j][i];             // pointer to the array element
            cptr->value = maze[j][i];       // the maze definition
            cptr->x = i;                    // self's position
            cptr->y = j;                    // self's position
            cptr->dist = INT_MAX;           // distance from start (unknown)
            cptr->status = virgin;          // never examined
        }
    }

    eptr = &node[MSIZE-1][MSIZE-1];         // pointer to end node

    cptr = &node[0][0];                     // pointer to start node
    cptr->dist  = 0;                        // distance of start node from itself!

    // main loop
    while (cptr != eptr) {                  // until we reach the target node
        cptr->status = visited;             // we've been here now
        neigh(cptr,  0, -1);                // examine node above
        neigh(cptr, -1, 0);                 // examine node on left
        neigh(cptr,  1, 0);                 // examine node on right
        neigh(cptr,  0, 1);                 // examine node below

        // find smallest distance of nodes in list[] (won't include virgins)
        smallest = INT_MAX;
        smallind = -1;                      // set invalid marker index
        for (i=0; i<listlen; i++) {
            if (smallest > list[i]->dist) { // compare distance with smallest
                smallest = list[i]->dist;   // remembers the smallest
                smallind = i;               // remembers the list index of smallest
            }
        }
        // take smallest for next time and remove from list
        if(smallind < 0) {                  // -1 was the "marker"
            printf("No route found\n");
            return 1;
        }
        cptr = list[smallind];              // smallest becomes current node
        if (listlen)                        // replace in list with last element...
           list[smallind] = list[--listlen];// ... and reduce list length
    }                                       // now examine this node

    printf("Distance = %d\n", eptr->dist);  // show the distance of the end node
    return 0;
}

节目输出:

Distance = 12

编辑算法本身在链接中描述,如果它中断,肯定会有其他解释。我在代码中添加了更多注释。

我使用3个数组,maze[][]是一个像你一样简单的迷宫定义。然后node[][]是一个struct数组,用于保存运行时数据。我可以直接使用迷宫定义来启动它,但是因为这个来自的程序具有一个矩阵大小的硬编码测试数据,以及从文件读取数据的更大矩阵,所以我保持原样。

第三个数组list[]是指向node[][]元素的指针数组。这就是node[][]元素在结构本身中包含x,y坐标的原因:这样我就能从指针中知道位置。我可以使用一维迷宫阵列,当我可以在list[]中存储单个索引时,如果是这样的话,这种复杂性就没有必要了。但我使用的是二维阵列,只是因为它感觉更好......#/ p>

我很乐意使用指针。在main()// init the struct array中的第一个嵌套循环对中,我做的第一件事就是创建一个指针,用于设置struct字段,因为我发现重复使用数组索引笨拙。所以我写的是cptr->x = i;,其意图与node[j][i].x = i;相同。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

从根本上说,这是一个搜索问题。有很多关于如何解决它的好文章,所以我将谈谈你需要考虑的一些更好的观点。

既然您指定了最短的路径,而不仅仅是一个非常好的&#34;路径,您需要检查每条可能的路线。深度优先搜索将是我的建议。

最明显的是,这是没有重用的搜索。最短路径不包含任何循环或光标将返回到已经存在的位置的任何情况。这使搜索区域合理。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

如果运行时不是问题,您可以编写一个函数来尝试每个可能的路径,并返回最小值。

int path_helper(int maze[][N],int height, int width, int row, int col){
  if(row==height-1 && col == width-1) return 0;
  if(maze[row][col]==0) return height*width;
  if(col<0 || row<0 || row>=height || col>=width) return height*width;
  maze[row][col]=0;
  int maze2[7][7]={{0}};
  for(int i = 0; i < height; i++){
    for(int j = 0; j < width; j++)
      maze2[j][i]=maze[j][i];
  }
  return min(min(path_helper(maze2,height,width,row+1,col),
  path_helper(maze2,height,width,row-1,col)),      min(path_helper(maze2,height,width,row,col+1),path_helper(maze2,height,width,row,col-1)))+1;
}

它很难看,但应该可以解决这个问题