在Python中从子级访问父类中的装饰器

时间:2010-08-06 05:59:39

标签: python decorator

如何从孩子的基类访问装饰器?

我(错误地)假设了ffg。会工作:

class baseclass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print 'hey this is the base'

    def _deco(func):
        def wrapper(*arg):
            res = func(*arg)
            print 'I\'m a decorator. This is fabulous, but that colour, so last season sweetiedarling'
            return res
        return wrapper

    @_deco
    def basefunc(self):
        print 'I\'m a base function'

这个类工作正常,但后来我创建了一个继承自此类的子类:

class otherclass(baseclass):
    def __init__(self):
        super(otherclass, self).__init__()
        print 'other class'


    @_deco
    def meh(self):
        print 'I\'m a function'

这甚至不能正确导入,更不用说运行了。 @_deco未定义。尝试baseclass._deco抛出一个未绑定的方法_deco()错误,这并不奇怪。

任何想法如何做到这一点,我真的很想将装饰器封装在课堂上,但我并没有嫁给这个想法,我需要在基础上调用它。孩子班。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:9)

class baseclass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print 'hey this is the base'

    def _deco(func):
        def wrapper(*arg):
            res = func(*arg)
            print 'I\'m a decorator. This is fabulous, but that colour, so last season sweetiedarling'
            return res
        return wrapper

    @_deco
    def basefunc(self):
        print 'I\'m a base function'

    @_deco
    def basefunc2(self):
        print "I'm another base function"

   #no more uses of _deco in this class
    _deco = staticmethod(_deco) 
   # this is the key. it must be executed after all of the uses of _deco in 
   # the base class. this way _deco is some sort weird internal function that 
   # can be called from within the class namespace while said namespace is being 
   # created and a proper static method for subclasses or external callers.


class otherclass(baseclass):
    def __init__(self):
        super(otherclass, self).__init__()
        print 'other class'


    @baseclass._deco
    def meh(self):
        print 'I\'m a function'

答案 1 :(得分:0)

也有python3特定的方式在子类中使用该装饰器,而没有提及父级,这完全符合OP的建议。它要求装饰器必须使用其here方法在父级的元类中实现装饰符(可以在__prepare__()中找到对元分类的很好的解释)。

aaronasterling's answer是解决该问题的有效且首选的方式,我仅将其发布为一个有趣的示例,以帮助其他人理解语言的基础。仅在没有其他方法可以满足您的需求时才使用元类!

class metaclass(type):
    @classmethod
    def __prepare__(metacls, name, bases):
        def _deco(func):
            def wrapper(*arg):
                res = func(*arg)
                print('I\'m a decorator. This is fabulous, but that colour, so last season sweetiedarling')
                return res
            return wrapper
        return {"_deco": _deco}

class baseclass(metaclass=metaclass):
    def __init__(self):
        print('hey this is the base')

    @_deco
    def basefunc(self):
        print('I\'m a base function')
        
class otherclass(baseclass):
    def __init__(self):
        super(otherclass, self).__init__()
        print('other class')

    @_deco
    def meh(self):
        print('I\'m a function')

示例代码在python3中运行良好:

>>> obj = otherclass()
hey this is the base
other class
>>> obj.meh()
I'm a function
I'm a decorator. This is fabulous, but that colour, so last season sweetiedarling

关于__prepare __()方法的重要说明:

  • 如果存在,它将在执行对象主体之前运行
  • 它的返回值在其评估开始时用作类主体的本地命名空间(这样,可以从子代的主体中使用装饰器,而无需使用父代的命名空间)
  • 应将其实现为classmethod(),并应返回映射对象(即dict
  • 如果不存在,则将空映射用作初始本地名称空间。