Question

如何在Swift中将两个字节（UInt8）转换为半精度（16位）Float，例如在使用kCIFormatRGBAh读取CIAreaHistogram的输出时需要，如下例所示：

func areaHistogram(image : UIImage) {

    let inputImage = CIImage(image: image)

    let totalBytes : Int = bpp * BINS //8 * 64 for example
    let bitmap : UnsafeMutablePointer<Void> = calloc(totalBytes, bpp)

    let filter = CIFilter(name: "CIAreaHistogram")!
    filter.setValue(inputImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey)
    filter.setValue(CIVector(x: 0, y: 0, z: image.size.width, w: image.size.height), forKey: kCIInputExtentKey)
    filter.setValue(BINS, forKey: "inputCount") 
    filter.setValue(1, forKey: "inputScale")

    let myEAGLContext = EAGLContext(API: .OpenGLES2)
    let options = [kCIContextWorkingColorSpace : kCFNull]
    let context : CIContext = CIContext(EAGLContext: myEAGLContext, options: options)
    context.render(filter.outputImage!, toBitmap: bitmap, rowBytes: totalBytes, bounds: filter.outputImage!.extent, format: kCIFormatRGBAh, colorSpace: CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB())

    let bytes = UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>(start: UnsafePointer<UInt8>(bitmap), count: bpp * BINS)

    //HOW TO CONVERT TWO CONSECUTIVE BYTES AS 16-BIT FLOATS?
    //THIS CODE DOES NOT WORK (I guess because Float in Swift is 32-bit):

    for var i=0; i < self.bpp * self.BINS; i+=self.bpp {
        let bitsR = UnsafePointer<Float._BitsType>(self.queryHist!)[i+0].bigEndian
        let R = Float( Float._fromBitPattern(bitsR) )

        let bitsG = UnsafePointer<Float._BitsType>(self.queryHist!)[i+2].bigEndian
        let G = Float( Float._fromBitPattern(bitsG) )

        let bitsB = UnsafePointer<Float._BitsType>(self.queryHist!)[i+4].bigEndian
        let B = Float( Float._fromBitPattern(bitsB) )

        print("R/G/B = \(R) \(G) \(B)")
    }

    free(bitmap)
}

Answer 1

Swift中没有16位浮点类型，但您可以转换结果为32位浮点数（Float）。这个帖子

32-bit to 16-bit Floating Point Conversion

包含很多有关的信息 Half-precision floating-point format以及各种转换方法。然而，关键提示是Ian Ollman's answer：

在OS X / iOS上，您可以使用vImageConvert_PlanarFtoPlanar16F和 vImageConvert_Planar16FtoPlanarF。请参阅Accelerate.framework。

Ian确实没有提供任何代码，所以这是一个可能的实现在斯威夫特：

func areaHistogram(image : UIImage) {

    let inputImage = CIImage(image: image)

    let totalBytes : Int = bpp * BINS //8 * 64 for example
    let bitmap = calloc(1, totalBytes)

    let filter = CIFilter(name: "CIAreaHistogram")!
    filter.setValue(inputImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey)
    filter.setValue(CIVector(x: 0, y: 0, z: image.size.width, w: image.size.height), forKey: kCIInputExtentKey)
    filter.setValue(BINS, forKey: "inputCount") 
    filter.setValue(1, forKey: "inputScale")

    let myEAGLContext = EAGLContext(API: .OpenGLES2)
    let options = [kCIContextWorkingColorSpace : kCFNull]
    let context : CIContext = CIContext(EAGLContext: myEAGLContext, options: options)
    context.render(filter.outputImage!, toBitmap: bitmap, rowBytes: totalBytes, bounds: filter.outputImage!.extent, format: kCIFormatRGBAh, colorSpace: CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB())

    // *** CONVERSION FROM 16-bit TO 32-bit FLOAT ARRAY STARTS HERE ***

    let comps = 4 // Number of components (RGBA)

    // Array for the RGBA values of the histogram: 
    var rgbaFloat = [Float](count: comps * BINS, repeatedValue: 0)

    // Source and image buffer structure for vImage conversion function:
    var srcBuffer = vImage_Buffer(data: bitmap, height: 1, width: UInt(comps * BINS), rowBytes: bpp * BINS)
    var dstBuffer = vImage_Buffer(data: &rgbaFloat, height: 1, width: UInt(comps * BINS), rowBytes: comps * sizeof(Float) * BINS)

    // Half-precision float to Float conversion of entire buffer:
    if vImageConvert_Planar16FtoPlanarF(&srcBuffer, &dstBuffer, 0) == kvImageNoError {
        for bin in 0 ..< BINS {
            let R = rgbaFloat[comps * bin + 0]
            let G = rgbaFloat[comps * bin + 1]
            let B = rgbaFloat[comps * bin + 2]
            print("R/G/B = \(R) \(G) \(B)")
        }
    }

    free(bitmap)
}

说明：

您需要import Accelerate。
请注意，您的代码会分配totalBytes * bpp个字节必要的totalBytes。
模拟器不支持kCIFormatRGBAh像素格式（从Xcode 7开始），因此您必须在真实设备上测试代码。

如何在Swift中将字节转换为半浮点数？

1 个答案: