我在实施管道时遇到了麻烦。它从文本文件中读取Unix终端命令,用于命令,例如" ls | wc"它打开一个管道,以便ls的输出可以用于wc。
我已经实现了它来解析程序名称(" ls"," wc")并将它们存储在两个独立的数组(参数和参数2)中,分叉一个子进程,然后有那个子fork另一个子进程,然后第二个子进程调用execvp()命令并传递要执行的第一个程序。
然后通过更改标准输出将(" ls")的输出写入管道。之前的子进程然后execvp()是另一个进程(" wc")并通过更改标准输入从管道读取。
然而,wc无限循环并且似乎不计算来自ls的单词数。 Ls在要计算的单词的目录中执行。
任何提示?非常感谢你,对于这个冗长的解释感到抱歉。
这是一个更简单的例子:它分叉,创建一个管道,并实现" ls"并将其输出写入管道,返回到父管道并从管道读取" ls"的输出。它似乎仍在永远阅读或无法正常工作。
//
// main.cpp
// Pipe_Test
//
// Created by Dillon Sheffield on 9/28/15.
// Copyright © 2015 Dillon Sheffield. All rights reserved.
//
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char* arguments[2];
char* programArguments[1];
int fd[2];
arguments[0] = new char[2];
arguments[1] = new char[2];
programArguments[0] = new char[1];
programArguments[0][0] = '\0';
string ls = "ls";
string wc = "wc";
for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
arguments[0] = &ls.at(i);
arguments[1] = &wc.at(i);
}
pid_t pid = fork();
pipe(fd);
if (pid < 0) {
perror("Failed.\n");
} else if (pid == 0) {
dup2(fd[1], STDOUT_FILENO);
execvp(arguments[0], programArguments);
}
wait(NULL);
dup2(fd[0], STDIN_FILENO);
execvp(arguments[1], programArguments);
close(0);
close(1);
return 0;
}
这是我的原始代码:
//
// main.cpp
// homework2
//
// Created by Dillon Sheffield on 9/19/15.
// Copyright © 2015 Dillon Sheffield. All rights reserved.
//
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
// Global Variable(s)
const short inputLineSize = 10; // Size of programName, arguments, and argument name.
char *arguments[inputLineSize];
char *arguments2[inputLineSize];
ifstream inputFile;
char* input;
void readLine()
{
// Create new char array(s)
input = new char[inputLineSize];
// Initialize the char array(s)
for (int i = 0; i < inputLineSize; i++)
{
input[i] = '\0';
}
// Read a line and skip tabs, spaces, and new line characters
for (int i = 0; !inputFile.eof() && inputFile.peek() != '\n'; i++)
{
while (inputFile.peek() == '\n' || inputFile.peek() == '\t' || inputFile.peek() == ' ') inputFile.get();
inputFile.get(input[i]);
}
// If the file is multi-spaced, keep reading new line char(s) to clear them
while (inputFile.peek() == '\n') inputFile.get();
}
void parseTokens()
{
//----------Parse the read line into tokens--------------------------------------------//
// Get the program name
for (int i = 0; i < inputLineSize; i++)
{
arguments[i] = new char[inputLineSize];
for (int j = 0; j < inputLineSize; j++)
arguments[i][j] = '\0';
}
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
while (input[i] != '\0' && input[i] != '-' && input[i] != '|')
{
arguments[j][i] = input[i];
i++;
}
// Tokenize arguments if supplied
j++;
int k;
while (input[i] == '-')
{
k = 0;
arguments[j][k] = input[i];
i++;
k++;
while (input[i] != '-' && input[i] != '\0')
{
arguments[j][k] = input[i];
i++;
k++;
}
j++;
}
// Delete unused arguments
while (j < inputLineSize)
{
delete arguments[j];
arguments[j] = NULL;
j++;
}
// Check if the pipe command '|' is supplied
if (input[i] == '|')
{
i++;
// Get the other program name
for (int x = 0; x < inputLineSize; x++)
{
arguments2[x] = new char[inputLineSize];
for (int y = 0; y < inputLineSize; y++)
arguments2[x][y] = '\0';
}
int x = 0;
int j = 0;
while (input[i] != '\0' && input[i] != '-' && input[i] != '|')
{
arguments2[j][x] = input[i];
i++;
x++;
}
// Tokenize arguments if supplied
j++;
int k;
while (input[i] == '-')
{
k = 0;
arguments2[j][k] = input[i];
i++;
k++;
while (input[i] != '-' && input[i] != '\0')
{
arguments2[j][k] = input[i];
i++;
k++;
}
j++;
}
// Delete unused arguments
while (j < inputLineSize)
{
delete arguments2[j];
arguments2[j] = NULL;
j++;
}
}
}
int main()
{
// Variable(s)
pid_t pid;
pid_t pid2;
int fd[2];
//--Open the file named "input"-------------------------------------------------------//
inputFile.open("input", ios::in);
// Check if opening the file was successful
if (inputFile.is_open())
{
// Read until the file has reached the end
while (!inputFile.eof())
{
// Read a line and parse tokens
readLine();
parseTokens();
//----------Now create a new process with parsed Program Name and Arguments-----------//
// Create a pipe
pipe(fd);
// Fork
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
{
perror("Fork failed.\n");
return -2;
}
else if (pid == 0)
{
// Fork again
pid2 = fork();
if (pid2 < 0)
{
perror("Fork failed.\n");
return -2;
}
else if (pid2 == 0)
{
// Change standard output
if (dup2(fd[1], STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO) perror("dup2 error to stdout.\n");
// Execute the given program
execvp(arguments[0], arguments);
}
// Change the standard input to the pipe
if (dup2(fd[0], STDIN_FILENO) != STDIN_FILENO) perror("dup2 error to stdin.\n");
int returnValue = execvp(arguments2[0], arguments2);
if (returnValue == -1) perror("Error has occurred.\n");
// Close the pipe and exit
close(fd[0]);
close(fd[1]);
exit(0);
}
// Wait for the child so it doesn't become a Zombie
wait(NULL);
//----------Clean up-----------------------------------------------------------------//
delete input;
input = NULL;
int i = 0;
while (arguments[i] != NULL)
{
delete arguments[i];
arguments[i] = NULL;
i++;
}
i = 0;
}
}
else perror("Cannot open file.\n");
inputFile.close();
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:0)
首先执行pipe()
,然后执行fork()
,子进程通过一些额外的工作执行命令。
这里的问题是pipe()
d文件描述符,它们都在原始父进程中保持打开状态。管道的读取侧,更重要的是管道的写入侧。从所有外观来看,这些文件描述符都可以为您的子进程正确设置,但由于文件描述符在父进程中也保持打开状态,因此管道永远不会关闭,即使在写入管道写入端的进程终止之后也是如此
由于管道的写入侧保持打开状态,因此在父进程中,正在读取管道读取侧的子进程将继续读取。永远。
您需要做的是在fork之后,在父进程中,关闭管道的读取和写入侧。一旦初始进程被分叉,父进程就不需要管道了,它的打开文件描述符就会受到阻碍。