我有两个当前版本的rpm包的构建版本（Build1和Build2）。我使用'rpm -U'（rpm升级）来安装它。
Build1按预期工作，安装新版本后将卸载以前的版本。
Build2不会卸载以前的版本。这会在系统上留下两个版本的软件包（Centos 7）。
我试图找出造成这种行为差异的原因。我使用'-vv'选项输出调试日志，看起来Build2甚至没有尝试卸载以前的版本。
每个版本的spec文件与我所看到的相同，只是内容似乎略有不同。 rpm没有任何pre，post，preun或postun脚本。
这种行为的可能原因是什么？
Build1的RPM日志
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvv --replacefiles --test TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150810150544.Build1.i686.rpm
D: ============== TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150810150544.Build168.i686.rpm
D: loading keyring from pubkeys in /var/lib/rpm/pubkeys/*.key
D: couldn't find any keys in /var/lib/rpm/pubkeys/*.key
D: loading keyring from rpmdb
D: opening db environment /var/lib/rpm cdb:0x401
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages 0x400 mode=0x0
D: locked db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Name 0x400 mode=0x0
D: Expected size: 49531882 = lead(96)+sigs(180)+pad(4)+data(49531602)
D: Actual size: 49531882
D: TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150810150544.Build168.i686.rpm: Header SHA1 digest: OK (8a8ce80e01a21687044ad204eb8c716b094c8a67)
D: read h# 831 Header SHA1 digest: OK (2522c1bad2c533a5050dae7c73616694f7ef906a)
D: added binary package [0]
D: found 0 source and 1 binary packages
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname 0x400 mode=0x0
D: ========== +++ TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150810150544 i686/linux 0x1
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames 0x400 mode=0x0
D: read h# 119 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: /usr/bin/perl YES (db files)
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename 0x400 mode=0x0
D: read h# 782 Header SHA1 digest: OK (42344bef7cc874fd8d6d57f1aaefb016a658e600)
D: Requires: ARandomPackage YES (db provides)
D: read h# 663 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libc.so.6 YES (db provides)
D: read h# 663 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.0) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 663 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 663 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1.3) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 663 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libm.so.6 YES (db provides)
D: read h# 663 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.0) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 205 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: perl(CGI) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 237 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: perl(DBI) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 120 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: perl(Data::Dumper) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 778 Header SHA1 digest: OK (e43ae2964d2bdd1d6cced5d0df8e52f9cb8b63c0)
D: Requires: perl(Test::MachineType) YES (db provides)
D: Requires: perl(Test::NetworkAccessControl) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 119 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: perl(strict) YES (db provides)
D: Requires: rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 YES (rpmlib provides)
D: Requires: rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1 YES (rpmlib provides)
D: Requires: rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1 YES (rpmlib provides)
D: Requires: rpmlib(PayloadIsBzip2) <= 3.0.5-1 YES (rpmlib provides)
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename 0x400 mode=0x0
D: ========== --- TestPKG-xxx-12.6.0-0.1041 i686/linux 0x1
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Requirename 0x400 mode=0x0
D: ========== recording tsort relations
D: ========== tsorting packages (order, #predecessors, #succesors, depth)
D: 0 0 0 1 +TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150810150544.i686
D: 1 0 0 1 -TestPKG-xxx-12.6.0-0.1041.i686
D: installing binary packages
D: Selinux disabled.
D: sanity checking 2 elements
D: computing 880 file fingerprints
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Group 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Triggername 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header 0x400 mode=0x0
Preparing packages...
D: computing file dispositions
D: 0x00000907 4096 548211 186053 /opt/test
D: 0x00000904 4096 451768 125466 /var
D: ========== +++ TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150810150544 i686-linux 0x1
D: Expected size: 49531882 = lead(96)+sigs(180)+pad(4)+data(49531602)
D: Actual size: 49531882
D: TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150810150544.i686: Header SHA1 digest: OK (8a8ce80e01a21687044ad204eb8c716b094c8a67)
D: ========== +++ TestPKG-xxx-12.6.0-0.1041 i686-linux 0x1
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Triggername
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Requirename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Group
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Name
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: closed db environment /var/lib/rpm
[root@localhost ~]#
Build2的RPM日志
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvv --replacefiles --test TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053.Build2.i686.rpm
D: ============== TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053.Build182.i686.rpm
D: loading keyring from pubkeys in /var/lib/rpm/pubkeys/*.key
D: couldn't find any keys in /var/lib/rpm/pubkeys/*.key
D: loading keyring from rpmdb
D: opening db environment /var/lib/rpm cdb:0x401
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages 0x400 mode=0x0
D: locked db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Name 0x400 mode=0x0
D: Expected size: 49755926 = lead(96)+sigs(180)+pad(4)+data(49755646)
D: Actual size: 49755926
D: TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053.Build182.i686.rpm: Header SHA1 digest: OK (770a488f2472bbe57ec211050d7b3bdddcdfaf73)
D: read h# 831 Header SHA1 digest: OK (2522c1bad2c533a5050dae7c73616694f7ef906a)
D: added binary package [0]
D: found 0 source and 1 binary packages
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname 0x400 mode=0x0
D: ========== +++ TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053 i686/linux 0x2
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames 0x400 mode=0x0
D: read h# 119 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: /usr/bin/perl YES (db files)
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename 0x400 mode=0x0
D: read h# 782 Header SHA1 digest: OK (42344bef7cc874fd8d6d57f1aaefb016a658e600)
D: Requires: ARandomPackage YES (db provides)
D: read h# 19 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libc.so.6()(64bit) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 19 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 19 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libm.so.6()(64bit) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 19 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 205 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: perl(CGI) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 237 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: perl(DBI) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 120 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: perl(Data::Dumper) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 778 Header SHA1 digest: OK (e43ae2964d2bdd1d6cced5d0df8e52f9cb8b63c0)
D: Requires: perl(Test::MachineType) YES (db provides)
D: Requires: perl(Test::NetworkAccessControl) YES (db provides)
D: read h# 119 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: perl(strict) YES (db provides)
D: Requires: rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 YES (rpmlib provides)
D: Requires: rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1 YES (rpmlib provides)
D: Requires: rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1 YES (rpmlib provides)
D: Requires: rpmlib(PayloadIsBzip2) <= 3.0.5-1 YES (rpmlib provides)
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename 0x400 mode=0x0
D: ========== recording tsort relations
D: ========== tsorting packages (order, #predecessors, #succesors, depth)
D: 0 0 0 1 +TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053.i686
D: installing binary packages
D: Selinux disabled.
D: sanity checking 1 elements
D: computing 464 file fingerprints
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Group 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Requirename 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Triggername 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5 0x400 mode=0x0
D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header 0x400 mode=0x0
Preparing packages...
D: computing file dispositions
D: 0x00000907 4096 548193 186053 /opt/test
D: 0x00000904 4096 451768 125466 /var
D: ========== +++ TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053 i686-linux 0x2
D: Expected size: 49755926 = lead(96)+sigs(180)+pad(4)+data(49755646)
D: Actual size: 49755926
D: TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053.i686: Header SHA1 digest: OK (770a488f2472bbe57ec211050d7b3bdddcdfaf73)
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Triggername
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Requirename
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Group
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Name
D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages
D: closed db environment /var/lib/rpm
[root@localhost ~]#
答案 0 :(得分：1)
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvv --replacefiles --test TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053.Build2.i686.rpm
D: ============== TestPKG-xxx-12.8.0-0.20150811055053.Build182.i686.rpm
.... [SNIP]
D: read h# 19 Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
D: Requires: libc.so.6()(64bit)
虽然你的第二个包文件名是'i686'。根据Requires（参见'（64bit）'），它实际上适用于x86_64架构。
因此rpm将其视为multilib并愉快地安装i686和x86_64。