Question

我的设置：

Django 1.8.3
Python 2.7.10
Ubuntu 14.04
django的双因素-AUTH == 1.2.0

运行python manage.py test时出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/src/venv/bin/django-admin.py", line 5, in <module>
    management.execute_from_command_line()
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 330, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 30, in run_from_argv
    super(Command, self).run_from_argv(argv)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 393, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 74, in execute
    super(Command, self).execute(*args, **options)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 444, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 90, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 210, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases()
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 166, in setup_databases
    **kwargs
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 370, in setup_databases
    serialize=connection.settings_dict.get("TEST", {}).get("SERIALIZE", True),
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/creation.py", line 368, in create_test_db
    test_flush=not keepdb,
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 120, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 444, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 179, in handle
    created_models = self.sync_apps(connection, executor.loader.unmigrated_apps)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 317, in sync_apps
    cursor.execute(statement)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 65, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 97, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/src/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 63, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: relation "app_user" does not exist

当我在print(sql)的第62行删除django/db/backends/utils.py语句时，我得到以下输出：

CREATE DATABASE "test_dev"

            SELECT c.relname, c.relkind
            FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
            LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
            WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
                AND n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
                AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
CREATE TABLE "django_migrations" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "app" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "name" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "applied" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL)

            SELECT c.relname, c.relkind
            FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
            LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
            WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v')
                AND n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
                AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x1"
CREATE TABLE "distributedlock_lock" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "key" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "value" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "timestamp" timestamp with time zone NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x1"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x2"
CREATE TABLE "djkombu_queue" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "name" varchar(200) NOT NULL UNIQUE)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x2"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x3"
CREATE TABLE "djkombu_message" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "visible" boolean NOT NULL, "sent_at" timestamp with time zone NULL, "payload" text NOT NULL, "queue_id" integer NOT NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x3"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x4"
CREATE TABLE "otp_static_staticdevice" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "user_id" integer NOT NULL, "name" varchar(64) NOT NULL, "confirmed" boolean NOT NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x4"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x5"
CREATE TABLE "otp_static_statictoken" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "device_id" integer NOT NULL, "token" varchar(16) NOT NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x5"
SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x6"
CREATE TABLE "otp_totp_totpdevice" ("id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "user_id" integer NOT NULL, "name" varchar(64) NOT NULL, "confirmed" boolean NOT NULL, "key" varchar(80) NOT NULL, "step" smallint NOT NULL CHECK ("step" >= 0), "t0" bigint NOT NULL, "digits" smallint NOT NULL CHECK ("digits" >= 0), "tolerance" smallint NOT NULL CHECK ("tolerance" >= 0), "drift" smallint NOT NULL, "last_t" bigint NOT NULL)
RELEASE SAVEPOINT "s140275211773760_x6"
CREATE INDEX "djkombu_queue_name_1c24e49fd475ad53_like" ON "djkombu_queue" ("name" varchar_pattern_ops)
ALTER TABLE "djkombu_message" ADD CONSTRAINT "djkombu_message_queue_id_12778caea7843dd_fk_djkombu_queue_id" FOREIGN KEY ("queue_id") REFERENCES "djkombu_queue" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
CREATE INDEX "djkombu_message_46cf0e59" ON "djkombu_message" ("visible")
CREATE INDEX "djkombu_message_df2f2974" ON "djkombu_message" ("sent_at")
CREATE INDEX "djkombu_message_75249aa1" ON "djkombu_message" ("queue_id")
ALTER TABLE "otp_static_staticdevice" ADD CONSTRAINT "otp_static_staticdevice_user_id_39a61f1bd3ec970d_fk_app_user_id" FOREIGN KEY ("user_id") REFERENCES "ff_user" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED

因此我很清楚，在设置测试数据库时，我的测试会爆炸。具体来说，尝试在otp_static_staticdevice表和我的应用程序的app_user表之间创建外键约束失败。

我的直接问题是，为什么django会在我的应用桌面之前创建OTP表？我的假设是OTP应用程序首先列在我的INSTALLED_APPS中。但事实并非如此：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.humanize',
    'app',
    ...
    'django_otp',
    'django_otp.plugins.otp_static',
    'django_otp.plugins.otp_totp',
    'two_factor',
    ...
]

接下来，我查看django/core/management/commands/migrate.py，试图了解django如何确定其迁移应用的顺序。

在第264行（https://github.com/django/django/blob/1.8.3/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py#L264）上填写pdb.set_trace()语句并期待看到app_labels包含的内容，我得到：

set(['djangosaml2', 'django_ace', 'recurly', 'staticfiles', 'distributedlock', 'app_overrides', 'messages', 'django_otp', 'kombu_transport_django', 'otp_totp', 'compressor', 'otp_static', 'humanize', 'ajax_select', 'django_extensions', 'import_export', 'raven_compat', 'crispy_forms', 'emoji'])

在我决定寻求帮助之前，这是我所得到的。有没有人知道Django最终会如何而不是以正确的顺序创建所有项目的应用程序，以便不会发生正面冲突？

Answer 1

遇到同样的问题，因为它发生在./manage.py test上，您的迁移可能会被破坏从Django 1.7开始，有一个名为MIGRATION_MODULES的新设置，您可以在其中配置应用程序的迁移模块。
在settings.py中添加以下变通方法（找到here）会跳过测试上的迁移，并为我解决了这个问题：

class DisableMigrations(object):

    def __contains__(self, item):
        return True

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return "notmigrations"

MIGRATION_MODULES = DisableMigrations()

Answer 2

这应该通过运行来解决：

python manage.py migrate auth
python manage.py migrate app
python manage.py migrate

Answer 3

您没有提供任何代码，因此很难理解您的模型关系。但我可以猜你已经将ForeignKey模型作为实例传递了吗？尝试将其作为字符串

class MyModel(models.Model):
    fk_field = models.ForeignKey('path.to.other.model')    # same as from path.models import model

这通常可以解决。希望它也适合你！

Answer 4

python manage.py migrate auth

这很有效。

Answer 5

确保您的所有应用目录都包含 migrations/ 文件夹和 __init__.py 文件。如果没有，请创建一个 migrations/ 文件夹并创建 __init__.py 并复制到该文件夹中。如果您使用 git，请包含 !migrations/__init__.py 文件中的 .gitignore

Answer 6

我有同样的错误，因为我的django应用程序之一没有migrations目录。请仔细查看INSTALLED_APPS中显示的所有应用文件夹。

Answer 7

在gitlab CI作业中运行manage.py test时遇到类似的问题，我可以通过在CI设置文件中创建一个名为base.py的变量来解决此问题

base.py

"""
Set CI Variable to True when running: "manage.py test"
"""
CI = True

并在我的settings.py中：

if CI:
    class DisableMigrations(object):

        def __contains__(self, item):
            return True

        def __getitem__(self, item):
            return None # For Django 1.10+

MIGRATION_MODULES = DisableMigrations()

Answer 8

就我而言，迁移没有运行，因为我使用了 unittest.TestCase 而不是 django.test.TestCase。

解决方法：更换

from unittest import TestCase

与

from django.test import TestCase

＆＃34; django.db.utils.ProgrammingError：relation＆＃34; app_user＆＃34;不存在＆＃34;在manage.py测试期间

8 个答案: