我正在构建一个包含S4类的R包,而我在使用new
函数时遇到了问题。我有一个名为Configs
setClass("Configs",
slots = list(
burnin = "numeric",
chains = "numeric",
features = "numeric",
iterations = "numeric",
mphtol = "numeric",
samples = "numeric",
seed = "numeric",
thin = "numeric",
verbose = "numeric"
),
prototype = list(
burnin = 0,
chains = 2,
features = 5,
iterations = 5,
mphtol = 1e-4,
samples = 3,
seed = sample(1e6, 1),
thin = 0,
verbose = 0
)
)
当我将此部分加载到我的全局环境中时,我可以使用不同于默认值的插槽创建一个新的Configs
对象。
> new("Configs", features = 1000)
An object of class "Configs"
Slot "burnin":
[1] 0
Slot "chains":
[1] 2
Slot "features":
[1] 1000
Slot "iterations":
[1] 5
Slot "mphtol":
[1] 1e-04
Slot "samples":
[1] 3
Slot "seed":
[1] 437211
Slot "thin":
[1] 0
Slot "verbose":
[1] 0
但是,当我安装整个软件包时,将其加载到一个新环境中,然后运行new("Configs", features = 1000)
,我得到features
为5.为什么没有new()
放置插槽中的值了吗?
我的包传递了R CMD check
,没有任何错误,警告或注释。这是我的会话信息。
> sessionInfo()
R version 3.2.0 (2015-04-16)
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
[3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
[5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C
[9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] heterosis_0.0 pracma_1.8.3 MCMCpack_1.3-3 MASS_7.3-40 coda_0.17-1
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] tools_3.2.0 grid_3.2.0 lattice_0.20-31
编辑:我明白了,但我还是不满意。
事实证明我的initialize
功能导致了问题。
setMethod("initialize", "Configs", function(.Object, ...){
# .Object = new("Configs", ...)
validObject(.Object)
return(.Object)
})
当我删除它时,new
会再次将内容放入插槽中。我很高兴我发现了这个问题,但我不想完全删除我的初始化功能。我想要一种方便的方法来调用validObject并进行其他错误检查,initialize
似乎是一个合适且适当的地方。如果我取消注释注释行,我会得到无限递归。如何在不破坏new
的情况下创建构造函数?
答案 0 :(得分:6)
initialize()
是两用的 - 初始化和复制构造。提供显式构造函数
.A = setClass("A", representation(x="numeric"))
A = function(x=numeric(), ...)
.A(x=x, ...)
当对象创建涉及插槽分配时,默认初始化方法调用 validOjbect()
,因此在您自己的初始化方法期间无需显式调用它(见下文);也许你有
.A = setClass("A", representation(x="numeric"),
prototype=prototype(x=NA_integer_))
setValidity("A", function(object) {
if (length(object@x) != 1L)
"'x' must be length 1"
else TRUE
})
A = function(x=NA_integer_, ...)
## signature is informative -- 'x' is integer(1), not just '...'
## coercion (e.g., as.integer(), below) and other set-up
new("A", x=as.integer(x), ...)
与
> A()
An object of class "A"
Slot "x":
[1] NA
> A(x=1)
An object of class "A"
Slot "x":
[1] 1
> A(x=1:2)
Error in validObject(.Object) :
invalid class "A" object: 'x' must be length 1
一个重要的警告是,当用户没有初始化插槽时,有效方法不被调用,因此必须定义prototype()
以创建有效对象(验证这一点)与validObject(new("A"))
。
对于您的问题,有效性函数是进行“其他错误检查”的正确位置。编写正确的初始化方法非常困难,但更接近正确的是
.B = setClass("B",
representation(x="numeric", y="numeric"),
prototype=prototype(x=NA_integer_, y=NA_real_))
setMethod("initialize", "B",
function(.Object, ..., x=.Object@x, y=.Object@y)
{
## pre-processing, then invoke 'next' initialize() method
## base initialize() creates the object then calls validObject()
## so no need for explicit test of validity
.Object <- callNextMethod(.Object, ..., x=x, y=y)
## post-processing
.Object
})
这种奇怪的结构允许initialize()
继续表现为复制构造函数
> b = new("B", x=1, y=2) # constructor
> initialize(b, x=2) # copy-constructor
An object of class "B"
Slot "x":
[1] 2
Slot "y":
[1] 2
在类继承期间很重要。但正如你所看到的那样,这是非常棘手的 - 最终它真的很难,很少值得努力让initialize()
正确。
请注意,我们尚未完全履行initialize()
,
setClass("C", representation(x="numeric", y="numeric")) # default initialize()
在使用new()
> c = new("C", x=1, y=2)
> new("C", c, x=2)
An object of class "C"
Slot "x":
[1] 2
Slot "y":
[1] 2
与B的实施没有复制结构
> b = new("B", x=1, y=2)
> new("B", b, x=2)
An object of class "B"
Slot "x":
[1] 2
Slot "y":
[1] NA