我希望有一个$( "#length" ).change(function() {
var numPerPage = $("#length").val());
});
和String
的异构列表,如下:
[String]
我知道我可以使用自定义数据类型执行此操作:
strs = ["h", ["x", "y"], "i", ["m", "n", "p"]]
但我很好奇这是否可能没有任何样板,如上面data EitherOr t = StringS t | StringL [t]
eitherOrstrs :: [EitherOr String]
eitherOrstrs = [StringS "h", StringL ["x", "y"], StringS "i", StringL ["m", "n", "p"]]
所述。
到目前为止,我已尝试过:
strs
但尚未找到一种有效的方法:
{-# LANGUAGE ExistentialQuantification #-}
class Listable a where
toListForm :: [String]
instance Listable String where
toListForm s = [s]
instance Listable [String] where
toListForm = id
strs :: forall a. Listable a => [a]
strs = ["h", ["x", "y"], "i", ["m", "n", "p"]]
有人知道这是否可行?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
这适用于具有一些扩展技巧的任意嵌套字符串列表:
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedLists #-}
import GHC.Exts
import Data.String
data MyStringListThingy
= String String
| List [MyStringListThingy]
deriving (Eq, Show)
instance IsString MyStringListThingy where
fromString = String
instance IsList MyStringListThingy where
type Item MyStringListThingy = MyStringListThingy
fromList = List
fromListN _ = List
toList (String s) = [String s]
toList (List ss) = ss
strs :: MyStringListThingy
strs = ["h", ["x", "y"], "i", ["m", "n", "p", ["q", ["r", "s"]]]]
你需要至少GHC 7.8,可能是7.10(我没有用7.8进行测试)。
在没有样板的情况下,这并没有完全消失,编译器会在每个文字前面放置隐式函数调用:
strs = fL [fS "h", fL [fS "x", fS "y"], fS "i", fL [fS "m", fS "n", fS "p", fL [fS "q", fL [fS "r", fS "s"]]]]
where
fL = fromList
fS = fromString
虽然没有fL
和fS
别名,但我只是这样做,所以我不必输入那么多。它只是感觉没有样板,因为编译器会为你放置那些函数调用,但你仍然会有将这些值转换为MyStringListThingy
的开销。
你也许可以使用这个技巧逃脱异类数字列表,因为数字文字也是多态的,这也是OverloadedStrings
和OverloadedLists
扩展对这些文字的作用。通过创建一个包装列表和字符串的类型,然后实例必需的类型类允许Haskell从这些文字转换为自定义类型。仅TypeFamilies
实例需要IsList
扩展名。如果你想在GHCi中玩它,你也必须在那里启用所有这些扩展,但它肯定有效。
更通用的实现是
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedLists #-}
import GHC.Exts
import Data.String
data NestedList a
= Item a
| List [NestedList a]
deriving (Eq, Show)
instance IsList (NestedList a) where
type Item (NestedList a) = NestedList a
fromList = List
fromListN _ = List
toList (List xs) = xs
toList item = [item]
instance IsString (NestedList String) where
fromString = Item
instance Num a => Num (NestedList a) where
fromInteger = Item . fromInteger
Num
实例并未实现所需的一切,足以证明其有效
> [1, [2, 3]] :: NestedList Int
List [Item 1, List [Item 2, Item 3]]
我不建议在实际代码中使用它。