我正在尝试新的用户图形教程，但我很困难。我是一个非常新的程序员......我的印象是大多数这些定义都包含在我包含的内容中。我的消息处理程序缺少标识符'DefWindowProcess'，WINDCLASSEX也没有被识别，GetModuleHandle函数，PeekMessage / TranslateMessage等。微软开发中心说所有这些定义应该在windows.h中。
#ifndef _SYSTEMCLASS_H_
#define _SYSTEMCLASS_H_
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include "inputclass.h"
#include "graphicsclass.h"
class SystemClass
{
public:
SystemClass();
SystemClass(const SystemClass&);
~SystemClass();
bool Initialize();
void Shutdown();
void Run();
LRESULT CALLBACK MessageHandler(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
private:
bool Frame();
void InitializeWindows(int&, int&);
void ShutdownWindows();
private:
LPCWSTR m_applicationName;
HINSTANCE m_hinstance;
HWND m_hwnd;
InputClass* m_Input;
GraphicsClass* m_Graphics;
};
static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
static SystemClass* ApplicationHandle = 0;
#endif
我的systemclass.cpp如下
#include "pch.h"
#include "systemclass.h"
SystemClass::SystemClass()
{
m_Input = 0;
m_Graphics = 0;
}
bool SystemClass::Initialize()
{
int screenWidth, screenHeight;
bool result;
screenWidth = 0;
screenHeight = 0;
// Initialize the windows api.
InitializeWindows(screenWidth, screenHeight);
m_Input = new InputClass;
if (!m_Input)
{
return false;
}
// Initialize the input object.
m_Input->Initialize();
// Create the graphics object. This object will handle rendering all the graphics for this application.
m_Graphics = new GraphicsClass;
if (!m_Graphics)
{
return false;
}
// Initialize the graphics object.
result = m_Graphics->Initialize(screenWidth, screenHeight, m_hwnd);
if (!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
void SystemClass::Shutdown()
{
// Release the graphics object.
if (m_Graphics)
{
m_Graphics->Shutdown();
delete m_Graphics;
m_Graphics = 0;
}
// Release the input object.
if (m_Input)
{
delete m_Input;
m_Input = 0;
}
// Shutdown the window.
ShutdownWindows();
return;
}
void SystemClass::Run()
{
MSG msg;
bool done, result;
// Initialize the message structure.
ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
// Loop until there is a quit message from the window or the user.
done = false;
while (!done)
{
// Handle the windows messages.
if ( PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
// If windows signals to end the application then exit out.
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
{
done = true;
}
else
{
// Otherwise do the frame processing.
result = Frame();
if (!result)
{
done = true;
}
}
}
return;
}
bool SystemClass::Frame()
{
bool result;
// Check if the user pressed escape and wants to exit the application.
if (m_Input->IsKeyDown(VK_ESCAPE))
{
return false;
}
// Do the frame processing for the graphics object.
result = m_Graphics->Frame();
if (!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK SystemClass::MessageHandler(HWND hwnd, UINT umsg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
switch (umsg)
{
// Check if a key has been pressed on the keyboard.
case WM_KEYDOWN:
{
m_Input->KeyDown((unsigned int)wparam);
return 0;
}
// Check if a key has been released on the keyboard.
case WM_KEYUP:
{
m_Input->KeyUp((unsigned int)wparam);
return 0;
}
default:
{
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, umsg, wparam, lparam);
}
}
}
void SystemClass::InitializeWindows(int& screenWidth, int& screenHeight)
{
WNDCLASSEX wc; //THIS IS THE PROBLEM
DEVMODE dmScreenSettings;
int posX, posY;
// Get an external pointer to this object.
ApplicationHandle = this;
// Get the instance of this application.
m_hinstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
// Give the application a name.
m_applicationName = L"Engine";
// Setup the windows class with default settings.
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = m_hinstance;
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);
wc.hIconSm = wc.hIcon;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wc.lpszClassName = m_applicationName;
wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
// Register the window class.
RegisterClassEx(&wc);
// Determine the resolution of the clients desktop screen.
screenWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
screenHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
if (FULL_SCREEN)
{
memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings));
dmScreenSettings.dmSize = sizeof(dmScreenSettings);
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = (unsigned long)screenWidth;
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = (unsigned long)screenHeight;
dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = 32;
dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT;
// Change the display settings to full screen.
ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN);
// Set the position of the window to the top left corner.
posX = posY = 0;
}
else
{
// If windowed then set it to 800x600 resolution.
screenWidth = 800;
screenHeight = 600;
// Place the window in the middle of the screen.
posX = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) - screenWidth) / 2;
posY = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) - screenHeight) / 2;
}
// Create the window with the screen settings and get the handle to it.
m_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_APPWINDOW, m_applicationName, m_applicationName,
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_POPUP,
posX, posY, screenWidth, screenHeight, NULL, NULL, m_hinstance, NULL);
// Bring the window up on the screen and set it as main focus.
ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOW);
SetForegroundWindow(m_hwnd);
SetFocus(m_hwnd);
// Hide the mouse cursor.
ShowCursor(false);
return;
}
void SystemClass::ShutdownWindows()
{
// Show the mouse cursor.
ShowCursor(true);
// Fix the display settings if leaving full screen mode.
if (FULL_SCREEN)
{
ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL, 0);
}
// Remove the window.
DestroyWindow(m_hwnd);
m_hwnd = NULL;
// Remove the application instance.
UnregisterClass(m_applicationName, m_hinstance);
m_hinstance = NULL;
// Release the pointer to this class.
ApplicationHandle = NULL;
return;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT umessage, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
switch (umessage)
{
// Check if the window is being destroyed.
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
// Check if the window is being closed.
case WM_CLOSE:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
// All other messages pass to the message handler in the system class.
default:
{
return ApplicationHandle->MessageHandler(hwnd, umessage, wparam, lparam);
}
}
}
答案 0 :(得分：0)
想出来，directx项目不识别窗口API，我需要一个win32项目，在我的所有cpp文件上应用#stdafx头文件以获得预编译头文件，并将#pragma一次添加到所有头文件中避免pch错误。事实证明，VS有点古怪。对于所有其他新手，请确保为directx设置文件路径，并通过项目添加文件 - ＆gt; add-＆gt; newfile-＆gt;相应的文件类型。它可以帮助你避免VS知道正确的文件位置。