我试图创建一个使用一组本地安装的动态库的可执行文件，但是当我尝试运行该程序时，我收到以下错误：
dyld: Library not loaded: libSDL2-2.0.1.dylib
Referenced from: /Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/build/./ClearScreen
Reason: image not found
Trace/BPT trap: 5
执行命令otool -L ClearScreen给出：
ClearScreen:
/Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/build/DwarfEngine/libDwarf.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
libSDL2-2.0.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 0.2.1)
/System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 21.0.0)
/Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/DwarfEngine/dependencies/../3rdParty/Darwin/lib/libglfw.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.1.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 275.0.0)
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo (compatibility version 1.2.0, current version 1.8.0)
/Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/DwarfEngine/dependencies/../3rdParty/Darwin//libassimp.3.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.1.1)
/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 120.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1213.0.0)
所有这些库，但SDL和Assimp都是预期的。由于我使用CMake的ExternalProject_Add构建和安装它们，因此在安装阶段会更改.dylib的install_name。阅读A LOT后，我发现可执行文件在尝试安装名称指定的位置之前，在DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH中指定的路径中查找其libs。所以我将其设置为指向我的库已安装的文件夹：
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/DwarfEngine/3rdParty/Darwin/lib
一切正常！但是，该项目将创建大量可执行文件，我希望他们知道要查找库而不是手动导出DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH，最好的解决方案是在可执行文件中设置rpath。我做了以下事情：
# Unset this so they don't override the rpath
unset DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH
install_name_tool -add_rpath /Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/DwarfEngine/3rdParty/Darwin/lib ClearScreen
但它不会工作。我认为dyld在尝试在.dylib中安装名称之前查看了rpath？在添加rpath（LC_RPATH位于末尾）之后，这里是otool -l ClearScreen的输出：
ClearScreen:
Load command 0
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 72
segname __PAGEZERO
vmaddr 0x0000000000000000
vmsize 0x0000000100000000
fileoff 0
filesize 0
maxprot 0x00000000
initprot 0x00000000
nsects 0
flags 0x0
Load command 1
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 712
segname __TEXT
vmaddr 0x0000000100000000
vmsize 0x0000000000004000
fileoff 0
filesize 16384
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000005
nsects 8
flags 0x0
Section
sectname __text
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000100003ab0
size 0x0000000000000369
offset 15024
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000400
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __stubs
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000100003e1a
size 0x000000000000005a
offset 15898
align 2^1 (2)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000408
reserved1 0 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 6 (size of stubs)
Section
sectname __stub_helper
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000100003e74
size 0x0000000000000092
offset 15988
align 2^2 (4)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000400
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __const
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000100003f08
size 0x000000000000000d
offset 16136
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __gcc_except_tab
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000100003f18
size 0x000000000000002c
offset 16152
align 2^2 (4)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __cstring
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000100003f44
size 0x0000000000000019
offset 16196
align 2^0 (1)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000002
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __unwind_info
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000100003f60
size 0x0000000000000060
offset 16224
align 2^2 (4)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __eh_frame
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000100003fc0
size 0x0000000000000038
offset 16320
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Load command 2
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 392
segname __DATA
vmaddr 0x0000000100004000
vmsize 0x0000000000001000
fileoff 16384
filesize 4096
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000003
nsects 4
flags 0x0
Section
sectname __nl_symbol_ptr
segname __DATA
addr 0x0000000100004000
size 0x0000000000000010
offset 16384
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000006
reserved1 15 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __got
segname __DATA
addr 0x0000000100004010
size 0x0000000000000008
offset 16400
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000006
reserved1 17 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __la_symbol_ptr
segname __DATA
addr 0x0000000100004018
size 0x0000000000000078
offset 16408
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000007
reserved1 18 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __const
segname __DATA
addr 0x0000000100004090
size 0x0000000000000058
offset 16528
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Load command 3
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 72
segname __LINKEDIT
vmaddr 0x0000000100005000
vmsize 0x0000000000001000
fileoff 20480
filesize 2628
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000001
nsects 0
flags 0x0
Load command 4
cmd LC_DYLD_INFO_ONLY
cmdsize 48
rebase_off 20480
rebase_size 16
bind_off 20496
bind_size 216
weak_bind_off 20712
weak_bind_size 56
lazy_bind_off 20768
lazy_bind_size 400
export_off 21168
export_size 208
Load command 5
cmd LC_SYMTAB
cmdsize 24
symoff 21816
nsyms 30
stroff 22428
strsize 680
Load command 6
cmd LC_DYSYMTAB
cmdsize 80
ilocalsym 0
nlocalsym 3
iextdefsym 3
nextdefsym 10
iundefsym 13
nundefsym 17
tocoff 0
ntoc 0
modtaboff 0
nmodtab 0
extrefsymoff 0
nextrefsyms 0
indirectsymoff 22296
nindirectsyms 33
extreloff 0
nextrel 0
locreloff 0
nlocrel 0
Load command 7
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLINKER
cmdsize 32
name /usr/lib/dyld (offset 12)
Load command 8
cmd LC_UUID
cmdsize 24
uuid 967CAC7D-945E-3767-89AD-7BF4D62D0903
Load command 9
cmd LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX
cmdsize 16
version 10.10
sdk 10.10
Load command 10
cmd LC_SOURCE_VERSION
cmdsize 16
version 0.0
Load command 11
cmd LC_MAIN
cmdsize 24
entryoff 15392
stacksize 0
Load command 12
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 120
name /Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/build/DwarfEngine/libDwarf.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 0.0.0
compatibility version 0.0.0
Load command 13
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 80
name /System/Library/Frameworks/AGL.framework/Versions/A/AGL (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 14
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 88
name /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 1.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 15
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 48
name libSDL2-2.0.1.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 0.2.1
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 16
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 88
name /System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 21.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 17
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 152
name /Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/DwarfEngine/dependencies/../3rdParty/Darwin/lib/libglfw.3.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 3.1.0
compatibility version 3.0.0
Load command 18
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 88
name /System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 275.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 19
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 96
name /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 1.8.0
compatibility version 1.2.0
Load command 20
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 152
name /Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/DwarfEngine/dependencies/../3rdParty/Darwin//libassimp.3.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 3.1.1
compatibility version 3.0.0
Load command 21
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 48
name /usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 120.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 22
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Wed Dec 31 20:00:02 1969
current version 1213.0.0
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 23
cmd LC_FUNCTION_STARTS
cmdsize 16
dataoff 21376
datasize 16
Load command 24
cmd LC_DATA_IN_CODE
cmdsize 16
dataoff 21392
datasize 0
Load command 25
cmd LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS
cmdsize 16
dataoff 21392
datasize 424
Load command 26
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 104
path /Volumes/OSXData/Users/danielrs/Development/Projects/Test/DwarfEngine/3rdParty/Darwin/lib (offset 12)
答案 0 :(得分：1)
使用LC_RPATH设置-add-rpath后，您仍必须将@rpath变量添加到重定位的库路径中。变量将替换为添加的rpath值。
install_name_tool -change libSDL2-2.0.1.dylib @rpath/libSDL2-2.0.1.dylib ClearScreen
对于-change选项，您可以提供两个参数：old_path和new_path。 old_path必须与otool -L完全相同。
您会在cmake wiki中找到一些有用的信息。