我知道你可以使用字典作为switch语句的替代,如下所示:
def printMessage(mystring):
# Switch statement without a dictionary
if mystring == "helloworld":
print "say hello"
elif mystring == "byeworld":
print "say bye"
elif mystring == "goodafternoonworld":
print "good afternoon"
def printMessage(mystring):
# Dictionary equivalent of a switch statement
myDictionary = {"helloworld": "say hello",
"byeworld": "say bye",
"goodafternoonworld": "good afternoon"}
print myDictionary[mystring]
但是,如果使用条件,除了返回true为false的等于(==)之外,这些不能很容易地映射,即:
if i > 0.5:
print "greater than 0.5"
elif i == 5:
print "it is equal to 5"
elif i > 5 and i < 6:
print "somewhere between 5 and 6"
以上内容不能直接转换为字典键值对:
# this does not work
mydictionary = { i > 0.5: "greater than 0.5" }
可以使用lambda,因为它是可散列的,但是从地图中获取结果字符串的唯一方法是将相同的lambda对象传递给字典,而不是在lambda的求值为真时:
x = lambda i: i > 0.5
mydictionary[x] = "greater than 0.5"
# you can get the string by doing this:
mydictionary[x]
# which doesnt result in the evaluation of x
# however a lambda is a hashable item in a dictionary
mydictionary = {lambda i: i > 0.5: "greater than 0.5"}
有没有人知道在lambda评估和返回值之间创建映射的技术或方法? (这可能类似于函数式语言中的模式匹配)
答案 0 :(得分:16)
你的条件是连续性的;你想一个接一个地测试,而不是在这里将少量键映射到一个值。改变条件的顺序可能会改变结果;值5
会导致样本中出现"greater than 0.5"
,而不是"it is equal to 5"
。
使用元组列表:
myconditions = [
(lambda i: i > 0.5, "greater than 0.5"),
(lambda i: i == 5, "it is equal to 5"),
(lambda i: i > 5 and i < 6, "somewhere between 5 and 6"),
]
之后你可以依次访问每一个,直到匹配:
for test, message in myconditions:
if test(i):
return message
重新排序测试将改变结果。
字典适用于您的第一个示例,因为对于由字典优化的多个静态值有一个简单的相等性测试,但这里没有这样简单的等式。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
您不能使用字典来映射任意条件,因为它们中的多个条件可能同时为真。相反,您需要按顺序评估每个,并在第一次遇到真实代码时执行相关代码。这里概述了正式实现类似甚至允许相当于default:
案例的方法。
from collections import namedtuple
Case = namedtuple('Case', ['condition', 'code'])
cases = (Case('i > 0.5',
"""print 'greater than 0.5'"""),
Case('i == 5',
"""print 'it is equal to 5'"""),
Case('i > 5 and i < 6',
"""print 'somewhere between 5 and 6'"""))
def switch(cases, **namespace):
for case in cases:
if eval(case.condition, namespace):
exec(case.code, namespace)
break
else:
print 'default case'
switch(cases, i=5)
输出:
greater than 0.5
答案 2 :(得分:0)
没有直接相关,但我经常使用类似于下面示例的范例来用dictionaruy查找替换级联if。
def multipleifs(a=None,b=None,c=None,d=None,e=None):
""" Func1 with cascaded if
>>> multipleifs(10,20,30,40,50)
160
"""
x=10
if a:
x += 10
if b:
x += 20
if c:
x += 30
if d:
x += 40
if e:
x += 50
return x
def dictif(a=None,b=None,c=None,d=None,e=None):
""" Func2 with dictionary replacing multiple ifs
>>> dictif(10,20,30,40,50)
160
"""
x, mydict = 10, dict(enumerate([10,20,30,40,50]))
for count, item in enumerate([a,b,c,d,e]):
if item: x += mydict.get(count,0)
return x