如何将多个对象插入数组？

Question

我有一个查询，我试图将多个对象推入一个数组。这是我的代码：

var userSchema = mongoose.Schema({
    name : String,
    created : {
        type : Date,
        default : Date.now
    },
    modified : Date,
    phone: [{
        kind: String,
        number: String
    }],
    pic : String,
});

var phones = [
    {"kind":"Cell","number":"343-343-3434"},
    {"kind":"Work","number":"454-454-4545"}
];

User.findByIdAndUpdate(
    req.params.user_id,
    {"$push": {"phone": {"$each": phones}}},
    {safe: true, upsert: true},
    function(err) {
        if (err) { 
            console.log('ERROR = ' + err);
         }
    }
);

我收到此错误：

ERROR = MongoError: Can't canonicalize query: BadValue unknown top level operator: $push

我做错了什么？