Question

se_eng_fr_dict = {'School': ['Skola', 'Ecole'], 'Ball': ['Boll', 'Ballon']}

choose_language = raw_input("Type 'English', for English. Skriv 'svenska' fo:r svenska. Pour francais, ecrit 'francais'. ")

if choose_language == 'English':
    word = raw_input("Type in a word:")
    swe_word = se_eng_fr_dict[word][0]
    fra_word = se_eng_fr_dict[word][1]
    print word, ":", swe_word, "pa. svenska," , fra_word, "en francais."

elif choose_language == 'Svenska':
    word = raw_input("Vilket ord:")
    for key, value in se_eng_fr_dict.iteritems():
        if value == word:
            print key

我想创建一个字典（在本地存储为txt文件），用户可以选择输入英语，瑞典语或法语单词，以便用其他两种语言翻译单词。用户还应该能够将数据添加到字典中。

当我用英文单词查找瑞典语和法语单词时，代码有效。但是，如果我只有value1，我如何获得Key和Value2？有没有办法或者我应该尝试以不同的方式解决这个问题？

Answer 1

如果尚未设置值，则可以选择存储None。虽然它会增加所需的内存量，但您可以更进一步添加语言本身。

示例：

se_eng_fr_dict = {'pencil': {'se': None, 'fr': 'crayon'}}

def translate(word, lang):
    # If dict.get() finds no value with `word` it will return
    # None by default. We override it with an empty dictionary `{}`
    # so we can always call `.get` on the result.
    translated = se_eng_fr_dict.get(word, {}).get(lang)

    if translated is None:
        print("No {lang} translation found for {word}.format(**locals()))
    else:
        print("{} is {} in {}".format(word, translated, lang))

translate('pencil', 'fr')
translate('pencil', 'se')

Answer 2

也许一组嵌套列表会更好：

>>> my_list = [
    [
        "School", "Skola", "Ecole"
    ],
    [
        "Ball", "Boll", "Ballon"
    ]
]

然后您可以通过执行以下操作来访问这组翻译：

>>> position = [index for index, item in enumerate(my_list) for subitem in item if value == subitem][0]

这将返回列表的索引，您可以抓取：

>>> sub_list = my_list[position]

子列表将按顺序包含所有翻译。

例如：

>>> position = [index for index, item in enumerate(my_list) for subitem in item if "Ball" == subitem][0]
>>> print position
1
>>> my_list[position]
['Ball', 'Boll', 'Ballon']

Answer 3

我希望有更好的解决方案，但这是我的：

class Word:
    def __init__(self, en, fr, se):
        self.en = en
        self.fr = fr
        self.se = se

    def __str__(self):
        return '<%s,%s,%s>' % (self.en, self.fr, self.se)

然后将所有这些Word转储到映射数据结构中。你可以使用字典，但如果你有一个庞大的数据集，你最好使用BST，看看https://pypi.python.org/pypi/bintrees/2.0.1

假设您已将所有这些Word加载到名为words的列表中，然后：

en_words = {w.en: w for w in words}
fr_words = {w.fr: w for w in words}
se_words = {w.se: w for w in words}

再次，这里更推荐BST。

Answer 4

为了加速单词查找并获得良好的灵活性，我选择了一个子词典：每个子词典将一种语言的单词翻译成所有可用的语言，顶级词典将每种语言映射到相应的子词典中

例如，如果multidict是顶级字典，则multidict['english']['ball']返回（子）字典：

{'english':'ball', 'francais':'ballon', 'svenska':'ball'}

下面是一个实现这种想法的 Multidictionary 类。为方便起见，它假设所有翻译都以 CSV 格式存储在文本文件中，该格式在初始化时读取，例如：

english,svenska,francais,italiano
school,skola,ecole,scuola
ball,boll,ballon,palla

可以轻松地将任意数量的语言添加到CSV文件中。

class Multidictionary(object):

    def __init__(self, fname=None):
        '''Init a multidicionary from a CSV file.
           The file describes a word per line, separating all the available
           translations with a comma.
           First file line must list the corresponding languages.

           For example: 
             english,svenska,francais,italiano
             school,skola,ecole,scuola
             ball,boll,ballon,palla
        '''
        self.fname = fname
        self.multidictionary = {}
        if fname is not None:
            import csv
            with open(fname) as csvfile:
                reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
                for translations in reader:
                    for lang, word in translations.iteritems():
                        self.multidictionary.setdefault(lang, {})[word] = translations

    def get_available_languages(self):
        '''Return the list of available languages.'''
        return sorted(self.multidictionary)

    def translate(self, word, language):
        '''Return a dictionary containing the translations of a word (in a
           specified language) into all the available languages.
        '''
        if language in self.get_available_languages():
            translations = self.multidictionary[language].get(word)
        else:
            print 'Invalid language %r selected' % language
            translations = None
        return translations

    def get_translations(self, word, language):
        '''Generate the string containing the translations of a word in a
           language into all the other available languages.
        '''
        translations = self.translate(word, language)
        if translations:
            other_langs = (lang for lang in translations if lang != language)
            lang_trans = ('%s in %s' % (translations[lang], lang) for lang in other_langs)
            s = '%s: %s' % (word, ', '.join(lang_trans))
        else:
            print '%s word %r not found' % (language, word)
            s = None
        return s


if __name__ == '__main__':
    multidict = Multidictionary('multidictionary.csv')
    print 'Available languages:', ', '.join(multidict.get_available_languages())
    language = raw_input('Choose the input language: ')
    word = raw_input('Type a word: ')
    translations = multidict.get_translations(word, language)
    if translations:
        print translations

三种语言字典

4 个答案: